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BIBLIOTHECA AMERICANA. 



"We would seek to collect into a focus of irradiation these broken 
rays of intelligence that are dispersed through the chaos of litera- 
ture, and which by their very dispersion lose their appropriate 
brightness." Dublin Revietu, 1841. 

"History is a most improving part of knowledge, as well as an 
agreeable amusement; and a great part of what we commonly call 
Erudition, and value so highly, is nothing but an acquaintance with 
historical facts. An extensive knowledge of this kind belongs to 
men of letters ; but I must think it an unpardonable ignorance in 
persons of whatever sex or condition, not to be acquainted with the 
history of their own country, together with the histoi'ies of ancient 
Greece and Rome. A man acquainted with history may, in some 
respect, be said to have lived from the beginning of the world, and 
to have been making continual additions to his stock of knowledge 
in every century." , Hume. 




NEW YORK: 
WILLIAM GOWANS. 

1862. 



DESCRIPTIOK 



THE PROVINCE AND CITY 



^ 



NEW YORK; 



, PLAKS OF THE CITY AND SEVERAL FORTS 

\ AS THEY EXISTED IN THE YEAR 1695. 



BY JOHN MILLER. 



A NEW EDiTIOX WITH AN INTRODUCTION AND COPiOUS HISTORICAL NOTES. 

BY JOHN GILMARY SHEA, LL. D., 



Member of the new york historical society. 



* Here lofty trees, to ancient song unknown, 
The noble sons of potent heat and floods, 
Prone-rushitig from the clouds, rear high to Heaven 
Their thorny stems ; and broad around them throw 
Meridian gloom. Here, in eternal prime, 
Unnumber'd fruits, of keen, delicious taste 
And vital spirit, drink amid the cliffs, 
And burning sands that bank the shrubby vales." — Thomson, 






"It is from the bosom of colomes that civil liberty nearly in all ages has set forth; Greece had no 
Solou till the colonies of Asia Minor had attained their highest degree of splendor ; and while the pa- 
rent country could only boast of a single legislator, whose object was only to form citizens, and not 
meiely warriors, nearly every colony of Greece and Sicily possessed its Zailucus or Charondes. In this 
way indeed, every commercial state may be said to live again in the colonies it has founded. And 
though Europe should again experience the dreadful misfortune to sink under the yoke of despotism or 
anarchy, into the gloomy horrors of barbarism, Providence has provided for its re-birth, by scattering 
the seeds of civilization over every part of the globe ; exhibiting in our day the astonishing spectacle, 
never before displayed, of ripened civilization in one part, while in others it is yet in blossom, or only 
pushing forth its earliest buds." = . , A. H. L. Hkerkn. 




NEW YORK: 
WILLIAM GO WANS 

1862. 






Entered according to Act of Congress, in tiie year 1862, by 

W . G W A N S , 

In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the 
Southern District of New York. 



J. MUNSELL, PRINTER, 
ALBANY. 



R\?5 



DEDICATED 



THE MEMORY 



JOHN JAY. 



ADVERTISEMENT. 



The subscriber announces to the public, that he intends publish- 
ing a series of works, relating to the history, literature, biogra- 
phy, antiquities and curiosities of the Continent of America. To 
be entitled 

GOWANS' BIBLIOTHECA AMERICANA. 

The books to form this collection, will chiefly consist of re- 
prints from old and scarce works, diflScult to be produced in this 
country, and often also of very rare occurence in Europe; occa- 
sionally an original work will be introduced into the series, de- 
signed to throw light upon some obscure point of American 
history, or to elucidate the biography of some of the distin- 
guished men of our land. Faithful reprints of every work 
published will be given to the public; nothing will be added, 
except in the way of notes, or introduction, which will be pre- 
sented entirely distinct from the body of the work. They will 
be brought out in the best style, both as to the type, press work 
and paper, and in such a manner as to make them well worthy 
a place in any gentleman's library. 

A part will appear about once every six months, or oftener, 
if the public taste demand it; each part forming an entire work, 
either an original production, or a reprint of some valuable, and 
at the same time scarce tract. From eight or twelve parts will 
form a handsome octavo volume, which the publisher is well 
assured, will be esteemed entitled to a high rank in every col- 
lection of American history and literature. 

Should reasonable encouragement be given, the whole collec- 
tion may in the course of no long period of time become not less 
voluminous, and quite as valuable to the student in American 
history, as the celebrated Harleian Miscellany is now to the 
student and lover of British historical antiquities. 

W. GO WANS, PtMisher. 



INTRODUCTION. 



The following description of the City and Colony of 
New York carries us back one hundred and sixty-six years 
to the day when William III ruled the destinies of the 
English nation. Its author, the Rev. John Miller, was for a 
time chaplain to the troops in the fort, and sole Episcopal 
clergyman in the colony. Beyond the account here given, 
and which he addressed to Henry Compton, Bishop of 
London, wo have few data for his history. He was a 
graduate of one of the English universities, and was com- 
missioned chaplain to two companies of Grenadiers in the 
Colony of New York, IMarch 7, 1691-2. He arrived here 
in 1693, and as an act was passed that year for settling a 
ministry, he, in February, 1694, claimed a right to be in- 
ducted, but the Council decided against his pretensions. 
He left the colony apparently, June 1, 169.5, and was taken 
in July by a French privateer, destroying his papers to 
avoid giving information to the enemy. His present ac- 
count was therefore drawn up from recollection, and in fact 
is more taken up with a most extraordinary plan of civil 
and ecclesiastical government than with a detailed descrip- 
tion of the colony in which he had sojourned. After his 
return to England he applied to the Commissioners of 
Trade and Plantation for additional salary, but did not suc^ 
ceed in obtaining anything. A short note of information 

-* 170 



10 INTRODUCTION. 

furnished by liim to the Board at the time is given in the 
Appendix. 

Mr. Miller's Description, with its curious map and plans, 
found its way from the archives of the Bishops of London 
to the hands of George Chalmers the historian, and on the 
dispersion of his library fell into the hands of Thomas 
Rodd, a London bookseller, who published it in 1843. 
Since then the original manuscript has been added to the 
treasures in the British Museum. 

Of Mr. Miller's earlier or later history I know nothing, 
nnd admit that I was deterred from seeking a clue for re- 
search by the slight results attained by Dr. O'Callaghan in 
his endeavors to investigate the history of Mr. Miller's 
predecessor in the chaplaincy, the Rev. Mr. Wolley. As 
connected with his history, however, we add his commission 
and the accompanying papers from the archives of the 
state. 

New York at this period had just emerged from a civil 
war, that had been most disastrous to its prosperity. Submit- 
ting readily to the rule of William and Mary, it had seen 
the regular authorities overthrown by the ignorant and 
deluded or ambitious Leisler ; whose sway, recognized in 
New York and on Long Island, was resisted at Albany, but 
who by stimulating the Iroquois to attack the French in 
Canada had contributed to the fearful slaughter of Lachine, 
and thus drawn on the exposed frontiers of New York the 
vengeance of the enemy, which soon laid Schenectady in 
ashes, and repeated on a diminished scale the horrors of 
Lachine. The terror inspired by this, the civil war exist- 
ing and the oppressive measures of Leisler drove many 
from the colony, and it was fast declining, when Sloughter 
arrived, and his summary disposal of the usurper in turn 
made others deem flight a necessary precaution. 

ISO 



INTRODUCTION. 1 1 

The Colony of New York bad been the private property 
of James II as Duke of York, under the grant from his 
brother, and on his accession to the throne became an apa- 
nage of the crown, and subsequent monarchs so held it 
down to the close of the Revolution, when George III 
wished it to be so regarded. 

During the period of James's actual possession of the 
territory, New York had been transformed into an English 
colony, a code of laws, compiled chiefly from those in force 
in New England, had been introduced, New York and 
Albany been incorporated, and finally a legislature assem- 
bled, which passed a bill of rights securing the liberties of 
the subject and granting free toleration to all Christians. 

The acts of this legislature had been ignored by that 
convened under William III, and a resolution passed de- 
claring them of no force. A new bill of rights, less gene- 
rous indeed, was too full of dangerous ideas to meet the 
new champion of liberty, although it did not contain the 
" evil egg of toleration." The colony, when Miller came 
here, was divided into two parties, the Leislerian and Anti- 
Leislerian. Fletcher had identified himself with the latter, 
but the former had just succeeded in obtaining an act of 
parliament of a most false preamble, reversing the sentence 
on Leisler, and were to consummate their triumph by the 
king's appointment of Richard, Earl of Bellamont, as Go- 
vernor, in place of Fletcher, whose extravagant grants of 
land afforded a good pretext for his removal. 

New York city at this time was, as Miller's map shows, 
confined almost altogether to the part of the island below 
Wall street, where a palisade ran across the island, with 
stone bastions at Broadway and William street. A fort and a 
battery on the site of our present Battery, recently laid out 
by Fletcher, defended the city on the south, and other bat- 



12 INTRODUCTION. 



teries and block houses on the river sides. The popula- 
tion was about four thousand, one-eighth being slaves. 
Yet the commerce was so considerable that in 1696, the 
year when Miller reached England, forty square-rigged 
vessels, sixty-two sloops, and as many boats, were entered at 
the New York custom house. 

Bradford had just introduced printing in 1693, and in 
this very year, 1695, was printing the first New York Al- 
manac for John Clapp, who is entitled to the honor of 
introducing hackney coaches into the city. A Dutch 
church had just been erected in Garden street, called 
Church street for that reason on Miller's map, although 
many a one yet remembers the time when it bore its earlier 
name. The Episcopalians were preparing to erect a 
church for themselves, and Miller advised the site of the 
bastion at the corner of Wall and William as the spot, but 
it was begun on the ground intended by Dongau for a 
Jesuit college, and next appropriated as a burial ground, 
the present site of Trinity. 

New York possessed conveniences. It had its regular 
ferrj' to Brooklyn ; its post to Philadelphia. Wells, to the 
number of a dozen, stood in the middle of the street in 
various parts and before the Fort, and the Stadt House, 
New York's first city hall, school house and court house. 
Provision was made for the prevention of fires, by leathern 
buckets, a system introduced in 1658, and of which at this 
time every house with three fireplaces was required to 
have two, brewers six, and bakers three, under penalty of a 
fine of six shillings. 

Other improvements were talked of and introduced 
within a few years. Before the close of the century, 
Broad street was drained by a sewer, the residents on 
Broadway set out trees by consent of the Common Council, 



INTRODUCTION. 13 



and every seventh house on the street hung out its lanthorn 
and candle on a pole, the expense of which was shared by 
all ; Maiden lane and Garden street were laid out, a night 
watch of twelve men appointed, and a city livery of blue 
with orange list adopted. 

In that day thirty volumes, including a couple of Bibles, 
was a large private library; and William Merritt, no friend 
to Leisler, was Mayor* 

On the Hudson, Kingston, encircled with its palisade, was 
the chief place before you reached Albany, which then 
reached from Hudson street to Steuben on Broadway, and 
from the river west to Lodge street, where the old fort 
stood, Handlers' (that is Traders') street being the present 
Broadway. Dr. Dellius had his church commanding Broad- 
way and Joncaer or State street, the fort being at the op- 
posite end. Outside the city stockade were the Indian 
houses, where the Indians who came to trade or treat re- 
mained, and these were kept in repair at the expense of 
the traders. 

The streets of Albany were not in very good condition, 
and the bridges, especially " the great bridge by Majr. 
Schuyler," was sadly out of repair, and the new stockades 
were not up; but the Common Council were taking steps to 
set all this right, removing houses too near the stockade, 
and digging a public well on Jonker street for the general 
good. 

Albany had suffered greatly during the troubles, the num- 
ber of men had fallen from 662 in 1689 to 382 in 1697, and 
the whole population from 2016 to 1449. 

Schenectady had risen from its ruins, and now well de- 
fended was less fearful of a visitation. 

Such was the colony as Miller left it, and his Description 
will bring it more fully before the reader. The moral tone 

183 



14 INTRODUCTION. 

was not what he desired, and he lays the lash on the pre- 
valent vices with an unsparing hand. In his eyes the 
great want was the establishment of the Church of Eng- 
land, and his proposal of bishops is one of the earliest 
allusions to the step, which, natural and just wherever the 
Episcopalians were at all numerous, was strangely opposed 
by the people of New England, who insisted that their fel- 
low Christians, the Episcopalians, should not have their 
church organization in America, and insisted so violently 
and intolerantly that many Episcopalians cowered under 
the storm of their fanaticism, and for peacesake endea- 
vored to prevent any appointment. The Revolution alone 
freed the Episcopalians from this tyrannical interference of 
their neighbors. Had Miller's plan been set forward by 
Government, there might have been some pretext for their 
conduct. 

Another theme of the Chaplain is the conquest of 
Canada; but here the same feeling of New England was 
shown towards the Catholics of Canada. They were not to 
profess or enjoy their religion at all. Prom the period of 
which we write to the year 1763 New England and New 
York sought the subjugation of Canada, mainly and chiefly 
to overthrow the Catholic religion. Miller's plan of ex- 
termination was thorough, and was doubtless that formed 
in the minds of most men in the northern colonies. Yet 
strange ordering of Providence, the blood of New England 
was poured out with this view, but left conquered Canada 
in the enjoyment of the religious liberty of which they 
wished to deprive her ; and then the uprising against the 
Quebec act brought religious freedom at last to all the 
colonies, and the war which some consider as beginning with 
the attempt to prevent Episcopalians from having bishops 
beheld in its course the selectmen of Boston following 

184 



INTRODUCTION. 15 

vested Catholic clergymen through the streets, aud sooq 
after the close of the war, uot only a bishop among the 
Episcopalians at Boston, but even one of the Catholics, and 
that one respected and beloved. 

It will not be uninteresting to view the progress of New 
York from Miller's day to ours, and to give some picture of 
the city at present. To begin with the city, the following 
table will show its increase in population : 



1696,.. 


. . 4,302 


1793,.. 


. . 33,131 


1835,.. 


. . 270,068 


1731,.. 


. . 8,628 


1800,.. 


. . 60,489 


1840,.. 


. . 312,852 


1756,.. 


.. 10,381 


1810,.. 


.. 96,373 


1850,.. 


. . 515,394 


1773,.. 


. . 21,876 


1823,.. 


. . 123,706 


I860,.. 


. . 814,254 


1786,.. 


. . 23,614 


1830,.. 


. . 202,589 







The whole population of the state in 1860 was 3,880,727, 
the city containing more than one-fifth of all the inhabit- 
ants of the state. The city has too, a greater population 
than Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Connecticut, Rhode 
Island, New Jersey, Michigan, Wisconsin, Iowa, Minnesota, 
Kansas, California, Oregon, Delaware, Maryland, Arkansas, 
Florida, South Carolina, Mississippi, Louisiana or Texas ; 
twenty-one different states having a smaller population than 
has gathered on the island of Manhattan. 

The appearance of the city has steadily improved. 
Scarcely a trace of the city of the days of the Revolution 
remains. The buildings are nearly all recent; the stores, 
many of them of white marble, brown stone or iron, are of 
palatial size aud form ; the churches and public edifices are 
equally costly and in many cases erected with great taste 
and judgment, possessing no little architectural beauty ; 
what Wall street is for its banks, Broadway is for its stores 
and the Fifth avenue for its dwellings, the finest churches 
being in the last two streets or near them. 

These various buildings are supplied with gas, first man- 

185 



16 INTRODUCTION. 



ufactured here in 1823, and with water from the Croton 
river, introduced in consequence of a vote in favor of it 
in 1835. The pavement of the streets has been gradually 
improved, the old cobble stones have given place in many 
parts to the Belgian pavement which has best answered the 
requisites ; and the means of communication through the 
different parts are greatly facilitated by the various city 
rail roads. Steam brings to the city in the steam boats that 
leave at all points and in the various rail roads her supplies 
and merchandise ; and drives the machinery in her thou- 
sand workshops ; and even in her fire engines bends its 
immense strength to Imrl the exhaustless Croton on the 
consuming edifice. 

For education New York possesses, including the Free 
Academy, five incorporated colleges, and ninety-nine public 
schools, besides a large number directed by private indi- 
viduals or religious denominations. The pupils in the pub- 
lic schools amount to over fifty thousand, and nearly fifteen 
thousand more are taught in other free schools. Her public 
libraries, the Astor, Society, Historical, Mercantile and 
others, though inferior to the great libraries of Europe, 
are rapidly meeting the wants of the people. 

In her institutions for the relief of the miseries and mis- 
fortunes of our race, New York has no reason to avoid 
comparison. Two well conducted city hospitals, three 
more supported by the Catholics, Jews and Episcopalians ; 
several orphan asylums, infirmaries, asylums for the blind, 
the deaf and dumb, and the insane, a Lying-in Plospital, 
houses of protection for servants. In addition to these 
it has an institution not indeed a charity, for the city con- 
tributes nothing to it, but no less admirable, as it is man- 
aged by citizens of New York. This is the Emigrant 
Commission, supported by a tax levied on each emigrant 

1S6 



INTRODUCTION. 1 1 

arriving, and paid by him as a premium insuring him in 
case of want during five years a competent relief. Of the 
magnitude of this institution, we may judge by tlie fact 
that from 1847 to 1861 the number of emigrants landing at 
New York was over two million seven hundred and fifty 
thousand, and of this great nation not one during the five 
years succeeding his arrival cost the city or any part of 
the state a single cent. 

The Alms House of the city, with the Penitentiary, the 
Juvenile Asylums, are all extensive, and generally conduct- 
ed on wise principles, the government devolving chiefly on 
a single Board of Charities and Corrections. 

Meanwhile the city has its numerous churches and edi- 
fices growing out of them; its convents, asylums, hospi- 
tals. Many of the churches are large and spacious, with 
costly organs and rich service ; most are well attended by 
worshipers, some by four or five times their capacity each 
Sunday, repeated services at different hours enabling thou- 
sands to use a single edifice. 

While religion and benevolence are thus cared for. New 
York is not without its means of amusement. A spacious 
park of three miles length, has been laid out most econo- 
mically in a period of oflficial squandering, and by its walks 
and drives, its sailing advantages in summer and still 
greater opportunities for skating in winter, gives a guaran- 
tee of the public health, which the improved sewerage 
and widening of many streets in the older parts of the city 
daily insures. A noble Opera House, and a number of 
Theatres, a Museum, attract numbers, and the amusements 
offered are watched with a jealous eye. At no period, per- 
haps, has greater morality marked the plays selected for 
the stage. 

Such in brief is New York in 1862, how altered from 

3 187 



INTRODUCTION. 



that when Miller made his notes. The rocky isle alone 
preserves its identity. The picture of the past, therefore, 
possesses but the greater interest. 



Commission of the Rev. John Miller to be Chaplain of Fort 

William, JYeio York. 

From Book of Commissions II, 71-73 in Secretary's Office, Albany, N. Y. 

Marie R. 

William and Mary by the grace of God King and Queen 
T of England Scotland fFrance and Ireland Defenders 

IL S. I 

' of the faith &c. To our Trusty and welbeloved John 

Miller Gierke Greeting We do by these presents consti- 
tute and appoint you to be Chaplain of the two Companies 
of foot in the Colony of Newyorke in America You 
are therefore carefully and diligently to discharge the duty 
of a Chaplain by doing and performing all and all manner 
of things thereunto belonging and you are to observe and 
follow such orders and direccons from time to time as you 
shall receive from your Captains or any your superiour 
Officer according to the rules and discipline of warr Given 
at Our Court at Whitehall the 7th day of March 169| in 
the fourth yeare of Our Reigne By her Maj*^'^ Command 

Nottingham. 

Entered with the Com'^ Gen' of the musters. 

D. Ceawford. 



The Bishop of London^s Licence to the Rev'^ John Miller. 
Henricus perraissione divina Londinensis Episcopus Di- 

-, lecto nobis in Christo Johannis Miller Art : Magistro 
II s I 

& Clerico Salutem & Gratiam Ad peragendum Offi- 

cium Capellani in Oppido Novi Eboraci apud Americanos in 

iss 



INTRODUCTION. 19 

precibus coramunibiis Aliisq ; ministerijs Ecclesiasticis Ad 
OfScium Capellaui pertinentibiis jiixta formam descriptam 
in libro publicarum precum authoritate Parliamenti hnjus 
Inclyti Eegni Angliee in ea parte edit. & provis. & Ca- 
uones & Constitutiones in ea legitime stabilitas et publica- 
tas non aliter neque alio modo Tibi de cujus fidelitate, 
morum integritate Literarum Scientia sana doctrina et dili- 
gentia plurimum confidimus (prestito primitns per te Jura- 
mento tarn de agnoscendo Regiam supremam Majestatem 
juxta vim formam et eflfectum Statuti parliamenti dicti reg- 
[II. London] ni AngHse in ea parte edit, et provis. quam de 
Canonica Obedientia Nobis et Successoribus nostris in om- 
nibus licitis et honestis per te prasstanda et exliibenda, snb- 
scriptisq ; per te tribus illis articiilis mentionatis in tricesimo 
sexto Capitulo libri Constitutionum sive Canonum Ecclesi- 
asticorum Anno Dom. 1604. Regia Authoritate Editorum 
& promiilgatorum) Licentiam et facultatem nostram con- 
cedimus et^impertimur per prsssentes ad nostrum bene- 
placitum duntaxat duraturas : In cujus rei Testimonium 
Sigillum nostrum (quo in similibus plerumq ; utiraur) 
prscsentibus apponi fecimus Dat. nono die Martij Anno 
Dom. 1691, nostreeq translationis anno Decimo Septirao. 

Certificate of the Rev^ JW Miller having subscribed the Declara- 
tion according to Act of Parliament. 

Henry, By Divine permission Lord Bisbop of London to 

r , all to whom these presents shall or may concerne 
[r- S.J . ^ •' 

health in Our Lord God everlasting. Whereas by 

virtue of An Act of Parliament made in the first 3'ear of the 

reign of Our Sovereign Lord and Lady King William and 

Queen Mary Entituled an Act for the abrogating of the 

Oaths of Supremacy and Allegiance and appointing other 



20 INTRODUCTION. 



oaths It is provided and Enacted That everj^ person at 
his or their respective Admission to be incumbent in any 
Ecclesiasticall promotion or dignity in the Church of Eng- 
land shall subscribe and declare before his Ordinary in 
manner and forme as in the said Act is contained Now 
know ye That on the day of the date hereof did personally 
[ii. London] appear before us M"" John Miller Clarke to be 
admitted Chaplain in Newyorke in America and sub- 
scribed as followeth as by the said Act is required : " I 
John Miller Gierke do declare that no forrein Prince 
Person Prelate State or Potentate hath or ought to have 
any Jurisdiction Power Superiority Preeminence or Au- 
thority Ecclesiasticall or Spiritual within this Eealm : 
And that I will conform to the Liturgy of the Church of 
England as it is now by Law Established " Li Witness 
whereof We have caused Our Seal Manual to be affixed to 
these presents Dated the 9th day of March in the year of 
Our Lord One thousand six hundred 91 And in the 17*^ 
Year of Our Translation. 



A 



e f c r i p t i o 



OF 



The Province and City 



OF 



New- York: 



With 



Plans of the City and Several Forts 
as they exifted in the Year 1695. 

By the 



Rev. John Miller. 



L O N D O N, 

Printed and Publillied for the Enhghtment of 
fuch as would defire information Anent the New- 
Found-Land of America. 



ADVEETISEMENT 



TO THE ENGLISH EDITION. 



The following description of New York, as it 
existed a century and a half since, fell into the 
hands of the publisher on the dispersion of the 
library of the late George Chalmers, Esq. 

As it contains some curious particulars respecting 
the state of society in the province at the tim^e, 
and is, moreover, of particular local interest, as 
giving plans of the town and the several forts in 
the province, the publisher thought he would be 
rendering an acceptable service to those persons 
who take an interest in tracing the rise and growth 
of the great commercial emporium of the Western 
world by causing a few copies to be printed, and 
thus preserving it from the chance of being lost or 
destroyed. 



193 



24 ADVERTISEMENT. 



The orthography has been modernized, the point- 
ing amended, and a few words, obviously neces- 
sary to complete the sense, have been inserted 
between brackets. 

The author appears to use some peculiar arith- 
metical notation consisting in the employment of 
a superfluous number of ciphers, as page 5, line 4, 
where 300 and 303 are printed for 30 and 33, and 
page 14, where 64,000 is used for 64: these are 
retained, but his obvious meaning is indicated to 
the reader by inserting the true numbers within a 
parenthesis. 

It may be further necessary to add, that the 
author uniformly uses Canida instead of Canada : 
this has been changed to the present usage. All 
other proper names are given as in the manuscript. 



To the Right Reverend Father in God, Henry, 

Lord Bishop of London. 

My Lord. 

After having been very near three years resident 
in the province of New York, in America, as Chap- 
lain to his Majesty's forces there, and by living in 
the Fort of New York, and constantly attending 
the Governor, had the opportunity of observing 
many things of considerable consequence in rela- 
tion to the Christians and Indians, inhabitants 
thereof, or bordering thereon, and also taken the 
draughts of all the cities, towns, forts, and churches 
of any note within the same, with particular ac- 
counts of the number of our Indians, the strength 
of Canada, and way thither, and several other 
matters which would have enabled me to give an 
exact account of the present estate of that province 
and the methods proper to be used for the correc- 
ting certain evils therein, and advantaging thereof, 
principally as to religious affairs, — I was (obliged 
so to do by several weighty motives, especially 
those of my private concerns) returning home with 
them in July last, when being met and set upon 
by a French privateer and made his prisoner, I 
was obliged to cause them all to be thrown over- 
board, lest I should have given intelligence to an 



26 DEDICATION. 

enemy to the ruine of the province, instead of a 
friendly information to tlie advantaging thereof. 
But having had time by my long imprisonment, 
and leisure also sufficient, I thought I could not bet- 
ter employ them than by endeavouring to retrieve 
some part of what I had lost, and put it in such a 
method as might testify the earnest desire I have 
to promote the glory to God, the service of my 
sovereign, and the benefit of my country. What 
I have been able to do through God's assistance, 
the help of my memory, and certain knowledge I 
had of things, your Lordship will find in the follow- 
ing sheets : which however weak and imperfect, 
as it must needs be, I humbly present to your Lord- 
ship as an evidence of my duty and gratitude ; 
submitting it to your wise inspection and serious 
consideration, either to be further improved if it 
seem proper for the end it is designed, or rejected 
if it be unworthy of any respect. Intreating your 
Lordship to pardon what faults and blemishes shall 
be found therein, and heartily praying that the 
Giver of all good things would bless your Lordship, 
(see Note 1,) with health, and prosperity and suc- 
cess in all your affairs, I make bold in all duty to 
subscribe myself. 

My Lord, 
Your Lordship's most faithful, 
And humble servant, 

JOHN MILLER. 



NEW YORK CONSIDERED. 



CHAPTER I. 

OF THE PROVINCE OF NEW YORK. 

The province of New York is a country very 
pleasant and delightfal, and well improved for the 
time it has been settled and the number of its in- 
habitants. It lies in the latitudes of 4 and 4 1 , and 
for the longitude is situated between the 300th and 
303d (30th and 33d) degree north; is in breadth, 
where broadest, from the east to the west, about 
200 miles, and in length, north and south, about 
250, being bounded on the east by New England, 
on the west by New Jersey and the Indian country, 
on the north by the Indian country, and on the south 
by the ocean. It lies almost exactly in the middle 
of the English plantations, which altogether have 
of sea coast, more or less improved by the English, 
both eastward and westward, near 250 leagues. 
This province whereof I speak consists partly of 
islands and partly of the main land: the islands 
of greater consideration are three : New York island, 



28 NEW YORK IN 1695. 



Staten Island, and Nassau (formerly Long) Island ; 
(see Note 2,) the two former make, each of them, 
a county, the first of New York, the second of Rich- 
mond. On Nassau Island are three counties; for 
the western end is King's County, the middle 
Queen's County, and the eastern part Suffolk 
County: to these do belong several other smaller 
islands, which, being at best but so many farms, 
are not worthy consideration. On the main land 
are likewise five counties, namely : West Chester, 
Orange, Dutchess, Ulster, and Albany, (see Note 3,) 
equal in number to, but not so well planted, im- 
proved, and peopled, as the former. The places of 
strength are chiefly three : the city of New York, 
the city of Albany, and the town of Kingstone, in 
Ulster. 

The city of New York, more largely taken, is the 
whole island so called, and is in length sixteen 
miles, (see Note 4,) in breadth six, and in circum- 
ference forty-two; but more strictly considered, 
and as a place of strength, is only the part thereof 
within the fortifications, and so is not in length or 
breadth above two furlongs, and in circumference 
a mile. The form of it is triangular, having for the 
sides thereof the west and north lines, and the east 
and south for its arched basis. The chief place of 
strength it boasts of is its fort, situated on the south 
west angle, which is reasonably strong, and well 
provided with ammunition, having in it about 
thirty-eight guns. Mounted on the basis like- 



NEW YOEK IN 1696. 29 



wise, in convenient places, are three batteries 
of great guns; one of fifteen, called Whitehall 
Battery, one of five, by the Sladthouse, (see Note 
5,) and the third of ten, by the Burgher's Path. 
(See Note 6.) On the north east angle is a strong 
blockhouse and half moon, wherein are six or 
seven guns; this part huts upon the river, and is 
all along fortified with a sufficient bank of earth. 
On the north side are two large stone points, 
and therein about eight guns, some mounted and 
some unmounted. On the north west angle is a 
blockhouse, and on the west side two hornworks 
which are furnished with some guns, six or seven 
in number: this side buts upon Hudson's River; 
has a bank in some places twenty fathoms high 
from the water, by reason whereof, and a stockado 
strengthened with a bank of earth on the inside, 
which last is also on the north side to the land- 
ward, it is not easily assailable. As this city is 
the chief place of strength belonging to this prov- 
ince for its defence against those enemies who 
come by sea, so Albany is of principal considera- 
tion against those who come by land, the French 
and Indians of Canada. It is distant from New 
York 150 miles, and lies up Hudson's River on the 
west side, on the descent of a hill from the west to 
the eastward. It is in circumference about six fur- 
longs, and hath therein about 200 houses, a fourth 
part of what there is reckoned to be in New York. 
The form of it is septangular, and the longest line 



30 NEW YORK IN 1695. 



that which bats upon the river running from the 
north to the south. On the west angle is the fort, 
quadrangular, strongly stockadoed and ditched 
round, having in it twenty-one pieces of ordnance 
mounted. On the north west side are two block- 
houses, and on the south west as many: on the 
south east angle stands one blockhouse; in the 
middle of the line from thence northward is a 
horned work, and on the north east angle a mount. 
The whole city is well stockadoed round, and in 
the several fortifications named are about thirty 
guns. Dependent on this city, and about twenty 
miles distance to the northward from it, is the Fort 
of Scanectade, (see Note 7,) quadrangular, with a 
treble stockado, a new blockhouse at every angle, 
and in each blockhouse two great guns; and Nesti- 
gayuna, and the Half-moon; (see Note 8,) places, 
formerly of some account, but now deserted. On 
this city also depends the Fort at the Flats, four 
miles from Albany, belonging to the River Indians, 
who are about sixty families: it is stockadoed 
round, has a blockhouse and amount, but no great 
guns. There are in it five Indian wigwams, and 
a house or two serving in case of necessity for the 
soldiers, in number twenty-four, who are the guard 
there. Kingstone is the chief town of Ulster County: 
lies on the west side of Hudson's River, but two 
miles distant from it, from New York eighty-six, 
and from Albany sixty-four miles: it is quadran- 
gular, and stockadoed round, having small horn- 



NEW YORK IN 1695. 31 

works at convenient distances one from the other, 
and in proper places. It is in circumference near 
as big as Albany, but as to number of houses 
not above half so big: on the south side is a par- 
ticular part separated by a stockado from the rest, 
and strengthened with a blockhouse and a horn- 
work wherein are about six guns. 

The number of the inhabitants in this province 
are about 3000 families, whereof almost one-half 
are naturally Dutch, a great part English, and the 
rest French ; which how they are seated, and 
what number of families of each nations, what 
churches, meeting houses, ministers or pretended 
ministers, there are in each county, may be best 
discerned by the table here inserted. As to their 
religion, they are very much divided; few of them 
intelligent and sincere, but the most part ignorant 
and conceited, fickle and regardless. As to their 
wealth and disposition thereto, the Dutch are rich 
and sparing; the English neither very rich, nor too 
great husbands; the French are poor, and there- 
fore forced to be penurious. As to their way of 
trade and dealing, they are all generally cunning 
and crafty, but many of them not so just to their 
words as they should be. 

The air of this province is very good, and much 
like that of the best parts of France ; not very often 
foggy, nor yet cloudy or rainy for any long time 
together, but generally very clear and thin : the 
north-west winds frequently visit it, and chiefly in 



32 NEW YORK IN 1695. 



winter; nor does there want in the summer the 
southern breezes, which daily almost rise about 
nine or ten in the morning, and continue till sun- 
set. The weather is, indeed, hotter in summer 
than one would well wish it, and in winter colder 
than he can well endure it ; but both heat and cold 
are in their seasons much abated by the wind last 
spoken of. The coldest wind is generally reckoned 
to be the north west, and it is certainly very sharp 
and piercing, and causes most hard and severe 
frosts; but, in my judgment, the south west ex- 
ceeds it much, but the best of it is that it does not 
blow very often there from that quarter. 

The air and winds being such as I have said, 
the country, consequently, should be very healthful, 
and this is certainly so ; and I dare boldly affirm 
it to be, on that particular and most beneficial ac- 
count, the best province his Majesty has in ail 
America, and very agreeable to the constitution of 
his subjects, so that a sober Englishman may go 
into it, live there, and come out of it again, with- 
out any seasoning or other sickness caused merely 
by the country ; nay, it is so far from causing, that, 
on the contrary, if a man be any thing consump- 
tive, and not too far gone, 'tis ten to one but it will 
cure him; and if inclined to rheums or colds, will 
in a great part, if not wholly, free him from them. 

If the air be good, the land is not bad, but taking 
one place with another, very tolerable, yea, com- 
mendable : there are, 'tis true, many rocks and 



NEW YORK IN 1695. 33 

mountains, but, I believe, the goodness of their 
inside as to metals and minerals will, when 
searched, make amends for the barrenness of the 
outside : there are also many woods and bogs, or 
rather swamps; but few complain of them, because 
they afford them mast for their hogs and food for 
their breeding mares and cows, also, in the sum- 
mer time, fur. Walnut, cedar, oak of several kinds, 
and many other sorts of wood proper for building 
of ships or bouses, or necessary for fencing and 
fuel ; turpentine for physical uses, and pitch and 
tar for the seaman's service ; many physical herbs, 
and much wild fowl, as swans, geese, ducks, turkies, 
a kind of pheasants and partridges, pigeons, &c. 
and no less store of good venison, so that you may 
sometimes buy at your door a quarter for ninepence 
or a shilling. Hence also they have their furs, 
such as beaver, otter, fisher, martin, musk-rat, bear- 
skin, &c. Indeed, the countenance of them is not 
so beautiful as some of our English writers would 
make us believe ; nor would I prefer, in that re- 
spect, the wild Indian country before our English 
meadows and closes, much less our gardens when 
in the most flourishing estate, notwithstanding 
that there are here and there many herbs such and 
as good as we have growing in our gardens to be 
found wild, as mint, sweet marjoram, &c.; and, in 
their season, strawberries and walnuts and some 
other sorts of fruits, in great abundance, especially 
grapes, which I am persuaded, if well improved. 



34 NEW YORK IN 1695, 



would yield great quantities of strong and pleasant 
wine (see Note 9). 

He that is not pleased with these advantages 
may, if he please to take a little pains in clearing 
the ground by stubbing up the trees and brush- 
wood, have good arable land or pastures, that shall, 
instead of woods and their wild produce, afford him 
good corn and hay, and a reasonable number of fat 
cattle. Indeed, not all alike, for the land toward the 
south is generally a sandy soil, and not very fruit- 
ful, but rather something inclining to barrenness : 
the corn that it produces is small, oftentimes spoiled 
by blasts and mildews, or eaten (especially the 
white peas,) by the worms, but then it produces 
very good Indian corn or maize; (see Note 10,) 
pleasant fruits, as apples, peaches, melons of sev- 
eral sorts ; good roots as parsneps, turnips, carrots, 
and as good cabbages as need to be eaten : but to 
the northward, and in the Indian country, the land 
is much better ; the soil black and rich, brings forth 
corn in abundance, and that very firm, large, and 
good ; and besides all those fruits aforementioned 
(peaches excepted), cherries, pears, and currants. 

Fish there is in great store, both in the sea and 
rivers; many of them of the same kinds as we 
have in England, and many strange, and such as 
are not to be seen there ; some even without name, 
except such as was given them from the order they 
were taken in, as first, second, third, &c., (see Note 
11). These are the produce of the country I speak 



NEW YORK IN 1695. 35 

of, and there are yet more than these peculiarly- 
proper for the merchant, as train oil and whale- 
bone, though in no very great quantity ; and pipe- 
staves, of which many thousands are yearly trans- 
ported, with several other things, which, with 
some of those before-named, will admit of much 
improvement. The industry that now is used is 
but little; the few inhabitants, having a large 
country before them, care not for more than from 
hand to mouth, and therefore they take but little 
pains, and yet that little produces very good beer, 
bread, cider, wine of peaches, cloth stuffs, and 
beaver hats, a certain and sufficient sign how plen- 
tiful and beneficial a country it would be did but 
industrious art second nature's bounty, and were 
but the inhabitants more in number than at pres- 
ent they are (see Note 12). 

Merchandizing in this country is a good employ- 
ment, English goods yielding in New York gener- 
ally 100 per cent, advance above the first cost, 
and some of them 200, 300, yea sometimes 400: 
this makes so many in the city to follow it, that 
whosoever looks on their shops would wonder, 
where there are so many to sell, there should be 
any to buy. 

This, joined to the healthfulness, pleasantness, 
and fruitfulness thereof, are great encouragements 
to people rather to seek the bettering of their for- 
tunes here than elsewhere ; so that it may be hoped 
that a little time will render the inhabitants more 



36 NEW YORK IN 1695. 



numerous than at present they are. Do men 
expect profit in wliat they carry witli tliem to a 
foreign land ? — they need not fear it here, if their 
goods but suit the country. Would they live in 
health ? — no place so likely to live so in, in this 
part of America. Would they have plenty of neces- 
saries for food and raiment? — New York, in these, 
is not unkind ; but though a stepmother to those 
who come from England, yet furnishes them as 
plentifully, if equally industrious, as their natural 
country does those who stay behind. In short, 
there is nothing wanting to make the inhabitants 
thereof happy but some things which the country 
cannot help them in, nor yet is guilty of the 
want thereof, to which either themselves do con- 
tribute, or which their ill settlement, or worse gov- 
ernment, has introduced, and some things which 
the few years of their being a province has not yet 
given any favorable opportunities for, nor permitted 
to be settled among them ; which what they are 
I shall next proceed to discover and speak of in 
the best method and order that I can, and with as 
much brevity as the subject will conveniently admit 
of, after having first presented to the reader some 
draughts or ground plots of the most remarkable 
places already discoursed of, as you will perceive 
by considering these following figures : — 



NEW YORK IN 1695. 



37 



COUNTIES. 


CHUbCHES. 


MINISTEKS. 


FAMILIES. 


NE\¥ YORK. 


Chapel in the fort 
Dutch Calvinists 
Dutch Lutheran 
French 

Jews Synagogue 

Haarlem 


Dr. Selinus (See Note 

13.) 
Dr. Perot (See Note 

14.) 
Saul Brown (See Note 

15.) 
Dr. Selinus 


90 
450 
30 
200 
20 
25 
English 40, Dissent- 
ers. 


RICHMOND. 


A Meeting House 


Dr. Bonrepos (See 
16.) 


English 40 
Dutch 44 
French 86 


KING'S. 


Platbush 

Utrecht 

Brookland 


Dr. Varick died Aug. 
1694, and another 
sent for May 27, 
1695. 


300 or 400, chiefly 
Dutch. 


QUEEN'S. 


Jamaica ^ ,, ,. 
Hampsted Meeting 

Newtown J houses 


Mr. Philips ^ without 
Mr. Vesey* V any 
Mr. Motf j orders. 


300 or 400 English, 
most Dissenters, 
and some Dutch. 


SUFFOLK. 


Eight or nine Meet- 
ing Houses ; al- 
most one at every 
town. 


Seven Ministers, Dis- 
senters, Presbyte- 
rian, or Independ- 
ent. One lately 
gone to Scotland. 


500 or 600 English, 
and Dissenters for 
the most part. 


WEST 
CHESTER. 


A Meeting House at 
West Chester. 


A young man coming 
to settle there with- 
out any orders. (See 
Note 19.) 


200 or 300 English 
and Dissenters ; 
few Dutch. 


ORANGE. 






20 English & Dutch. 


DUTCHESS. 






30 English & Dutch. 


ULSTER. 


Dutch Calvinist, at 
Kingstone, for five 
or six towns. 


A Minister to come, 
his books brought ; 
but he missed his 
passage. 


300, Dutch mostly; 
some English and 
French. 


ALBANY. 


Dutch Calvinist 
Dutch Lutheran 
Scanecthade 
Kinderhoeck. 


Dr. Dellius. (See Note 

20.) 
A Dutch Minister sent 

for. 


400 or 500 Dutch, 
all Calvinists, ex- 
cept 12 or 14 Lu- 
therans. 



* See Note 17. 



f See Note 18. 



38 NEW YORK IN 1695. 

CHAPTER II. 

OF THE EVILS AND INCONVENIENCES IS NEW YORK. 

Come we now to consider those things wliich I 
have said to be either wanting or obstructive to the 
happiness of New York; and iiere I shall not speak 
of every slight and trivial matter, but only those 
of more considerable importance, which I count to 
be six. 1st, The wickedness and irreligion of the 
inhabitants; 2d, want of ministers; 3d, differ- 
ence of opinion in religion ; 4th, a civil dissension ; 
5th, the heathenism of the Indians; and, f)th, the 
neighborhood of Canada: of every one of these I 
shall say something as shall be most material. 

The first is the wickedness and irreligion of the 
inhabitants, which abounds in all parts of the prov- 
ince, and appears in so many shapes, constituting 
so many sorts of sin, that T can scarce tell which 
to begin withal. But, as a great reason of and 
inlet to the rest, 1 shall first mention the great neg- 
ligence of divine things that is generally found in 
most people, of what sect or party soever they pre- 
tend to be: their eternal interests are their least 
concern, and, as if salvatiou were not a matter of 
moment, when they have opportunities of serving 
God they care not for making use thereof; or, if 
they go to church, 'tis but too often out of curiosity, 
and to find out faults in him that preacheth rather 



NEW YORK IN 1695. 39 



than to hear their own, or, what is yet worse, to 
slight and deride where they should be serious. 
If they have none of those opportunities, they are 
well contented, and regard it little if there be any 
who seem otherwise and discontented. Many of 
them, when they have them, make appear by their 
actions 'twas but in show; for though at first they 
will pretend to have a great regard for God's ordin- 
ances, and a high esteem for the ministry, whether 
real or pretended, a little time will plainly evi- 
dence that they were more pleased at the novelty 
than truly affected with the benefit, when they 
slight that which they before seemingly so much 
admired, and speak evil of him who before was the 
subject of their praise and commendation, and that 
without any other reason than their own fickle 
temper and envious humour. In a soil so rank as 
this, no marvel if the Evil One find a ready enter- 
tainment for the seed he is minded to cast in; and 
from a people so inconstant, and regardless of 
heaven and holy things, no wonder if God with- 
draw his grace, and give them up a prey to those 
temptations which they so industriously seek to 
embrace : hence is it, therefore, that their natural 
.corruption without check or hinderance is, by fre- 
quent acts, improved into habits most evil in the 
practice, and difficult in the correction. 

One of which, and the first I am minded to 
speak, of, is drunkenness, which, though of itself a 
great sin, is yet aggravated in that it is an occa- 



40 NEW YORK IN 1695. 



sion of many others. 'Tis in this country a com- 
mon thing, even for the meanest persons, so soon 
as the bounty of God has furnished them with a 
plentiful crop, to turn what they can as soon as 
may be into money, and that money into drink, 
at the same time when their family at home have 
nothing but rags to protect their bodies from the 
winter's cold ; nay if the fruits of their plantations 
be such as by their own immediate labour con^ 
vertible into liquor, such as cider, perry, &c., they 
have scarce the patience to stay till it is fit for 
drinking, but, inviting their pot-companions, they 
all of them, neglecting whatsoever work they are 
about, set to it together, and give not over till they 
have drunk it off. And to these sottish engage- 
ments they will make nothing to ride ten or twenty 
miles, and at the conclusion of one debauch an- 
other generally is appointed, except their stock 
of liquor fail them. Nor are the mean and country 
people only guilty of this vice, but they are 
equalled, nay surpassed, by many in the city of 
New York, whose daily practice is to frequent the 
taverns, and to carouse and game their night em- 
ployment. This course is the ruin and destruction 
of many merchants, especially those of the younger 
sort, who, carrying-over with thent a stock, whether 
as factors, or on their own account, spend, even to 
prodigality, till they find themselves bankrupt ere 
they are aware (see Note 21). 

In a town where this course of life is led by 



NEW YORK IN 1695. 41 

many, 'tis no wonder if there be other vices in 
vogue, because they are the natural product of it, 
such are cursing and swearing, to both of which 
people are here much accustomed ; some doing it 
in that frequent, horrible, and dreadful manner as 
if they prided themselves both as to the number 
and invention of them: this, joined with their pro- 
fane, atheistical and scoffing method of discourse, 
makes their company extremely uneasy to sober 
and religious men, who sometimes, by reason of 
their affairs, cannot help being of their society, 
and becoming ear-witnesses of their blasphemy 
and folly. 'Tis strange that men should engage 
themselves so foolishly, and run into the commis- 
sion of so great a sin unto which they have no 
sufficient, often not a pretended, provocation, and 
from which they reap no advantage nor any real 
pleasure : and yet we see them even delight in it, 
and no discourse is thought witty or eloquent ex- 
cept larded with oaths and execrations. Howso- 
ever difficult these sins may be to be corrected in 
a large and populous kingdom, I should scarce 
think them so in a province, where the total 
number of inhabitants will scarce equal the 64,- 
000th (64th) part of those who are computed to be 
in London ; nay, am sure they might be much hin- 
dered, were but the good laws made against them 
put duly in execution. 

'Tis an ordinary thing with vices that one of 
them introduces another, and is a reason of their 

6 on 



42 NEW YORK IN 1695. 



easy and common success; and so we see it here. 
That where men drink to so high a pitch, and 
pamper their debauched palates with the rich and 
most nourishing viands the country affords, 'tis 
certain the flesh must grow high and rebellious, 
so as imperiously to command where it ought to 
obey; nay, not to be contented without variety, 
whatsoever obstacle or impediment lies in the way. 
Reason, that should rule and direct to better things, 
is so far debauched, that she pretends to defend 
the contrary ; and by objecting the troubles and 
confinements of a married state, and extolling the 
sweet and unconfined pleasures of the wandering 
libertines, prevails with many not to think forni- 
cation, nay, not adultery, dangerous sins, but rather 
to be chosen than lawful wedlock, the proper and 
really sufficient (though not to debauched and pam- 
pered bodies) remedy for the hinderance of these 
evils. I say it is a proper and sufficient remedy if 
duly practiced, and according to law and reason, 
which in New York it is not; because, 

1st. There are many couples live together with- 
out ever being married in any manner of way ; 
many of whom, after they have lived some years 
so, quarrel, and, thereupon separating, take unto 
themselves, either in New York or some other prov- 
ince, new companions ; but, grant they do not so, 
how can such expect that God should bless them 
together while they live in open contempt of his 
holy ordinance ? 



NEW YORK IN 1695. 43 



2d. Those who in earnest do intend to be mar- 
ried together are in so much haste, that, com- 
monly, enjoyment precedes the marriage, to which 
they seldom come till a great belly puts it so for- 
ward, that they must either submit to that, or to 
shame and disgrace which they avoid by marriage ; 
ante-nuptial fornication, where that succeeds, 
being not looked upon as any scandal or sin at all. 

3d. There is no sufficient provision for the mar- 
rying of people in this province, the most that are 
married here being married by justices of the peace, 
for which there neither is nor can be in New York 
any law : (see Note 22,) on this account, many 
looking upon it as no marriage at all, and being 
easily induced to think it so when they find them- 
selves pinched by the contract, think it no great 
matter to divorce themselves, as they term it, and 
marry to others where they can best, and accord- 
ing to their own liking. Whether this manner of 
marrying by justices of the peace be a sufficient 
engagement to the married couple to live together, 
is to me a matter not disputable ; and, in the mean- 
while, the scandal and evil that flows from hence is 
very great : and I myself know at this time a man 
who fills the place and exercises the office of a 
minister and school-master in the island of Barba- 
does that was married to a woman of New York 
by a justice of peace, and, after falling out with 
her, betook himself to another woman, whom he 
got with child, and went afterwards to Barbadoes, 

213 



44 NEW YORK IN 1695. 

where, if he be not married to her, at least he lives 
with her as though she were his wife ; the woman 
the meantime continuing in New York, was soon 
after married to another man. 

4th. Supposing the way of marrying were lawful, 
yet many justices are so ignorant or mean-spirited, 
or both, that thereby it comes to pass they are often 
prevailed upon to marry a couple together that are 
either one or both of them engaged or married to 
other persons: an eminent instance hereof I knew 
in New York. A woman, dissolute in manners, not 
liking to live with her husband, contracted herself 
to another person, and came with him to a justice 
of peace to be married. The justice, knowing the 
woman to be the wife of another man, refused at 
first to marry them ; but they, understanding he 
had offended in the like matter before, threatened 
to acquaint the Governor therewith, if he would 
not marry them also; which rather than hazard, 
he granted their request ; thus offending the first 
time through ignorance, and the second through 
fear I came to know of it by this means : — the 
woman thus married outliving her second husband, 
had inveigled the son of an honest woman of Nas- 
sau Island to marry her, her first husband still liv- 
ing : his mother, looking upon such a match as his 
ruin, sought all she could to hinder it, and, as her 
last refuge, came to me, desiring me to do what I 
could that he might not have a license out of the 
Secretary's office, which I obstructed by entering 



NEW YORK IN 1695. 45 

a caveat, and so prevented it for that time ; and 
what is done in it since I cannot tell : but this am 
sure of, that the too frequent practice of this evil 
is such as loudly calls for redress and amend- 
ment. 

The great encouragement for gaining a liveli- 
hood that is given to people in this province, where 
whosoever will take pains may have land enough 
whereon to raise an estate for themselves and heirs, 
and the mean accommodations or at least the no 
great riches, of the first inhabitants, have been the 
reason that thieving and robbing has been very 
little practised in this country. But now, of late, 
since some people are become wealthy enough to 
purchase and have by them what is worth the 
taking away, and that the out-parts of the province 
(where the best land is) towards Canada are so 
harassed by the French and their Indians, that 
men are fearful to plant and dwell there, and that 
people are fallen into so great debauchery and idle- 
ness, thieving is become more frequent ; and many 
considerable robberies have been committed in my 
time in New York, to the great discouragement of 
industrious people, and increase of vice and sin. 
There are many other wickednesses which I might 
speak of as wanting redress, but there is no need 
of enlarging on their account ; for, were these of 
greater note already spoken of discouraged, the 
rest would of themselves fall to nothing. 



46 NEW YORK IN 1695. 



CHAPTER Til. 

OF THE MINISTRY, AND DEFICIENCY THEREIN. 

A second and great inconveniency this province 
suffers under is in relation to a ministry ; for it is 
most certain, that where there are persons of some 
repute and authority living, who give good example 
by their sober lives and conversations, and dili- 
gence in their duty, sin is mightily discouraged, 
and religion and virtue gain ground upon her daily, 
and increase and flourish; and that, where there 
are none such, vice has a free course, and religion 
continually decays, and, what by the negligence 
of men, and the malice and subtility of the enemy 
of all, goodness runs to ruin. Now, in New York, 
there are either 

1, No ministers at all, that is, the settled and 
established religion of the nation, and of such 
there is not, oftentimes, one in the whole province ; 
nor at any time, except the Chaplain to his Ma- 
jesty's forces in New York, (see Note 23,) that does 
discharge, or pretend to discharge, the duty of a 
minister, and, he being but one, cannot do it every- 
where; nay, but in very few places but New York 
itself: and being necessitated sometimes to go to 
England, it happens that both the garrison and the 
city are without a minister a year together. It hap- 
pens, also, that he is often changed, which is not 



NEW YORK IN 1695. 4t 

without its inconveniences, but proves very prejudi- 
cial to religion in many cases, as is easy to instance : 
besides, v^^hile he does his duty among them, he 
shall experience their gratitude but very little, and 
be sure to meet with a great many discouragements, 
except, instead of reprehending and correcting, he 
will connive at and soothe people in their sinful 
courses. 

2, Or secondly, if there be any ministers, they 
are such as only call themselves so, and are but 
pretended ministers ; many of them have no orders 
at all, but set up for themselves of their own head 
and authority ; or, if they have orders, are Presby- 
terians, Independents, &c. Now all these have no 
other encouragement for the pains they pretend to 
take than the voluntary contributions of the people, 
or, at best, a salary by agreement and subscription, 
which yet they shall not enjoy, except they take 
more care to please the humours and delight the 
fancies of their hearers, than to preach up true reli- 
gion and a christian life : hence it comes to pass 
that the people live very loosely, and they them- 
selves very poorly, at best, if they are not forced 
for very necessity, and by the malice of some of 
their hearers, to forsake their congregations. Be- 
sides being of different persuasions, and striving to 
settle such sentiments as they indulge themselves 
in in the hearts of those who are under their min- 
istry, they do more harm, in distracting and divid- 



48 NEW YORK IN 1695, 



ing the people, than good in the amending their 
lives and conversations. 

o, Or thirdly, if there be, or have been any min- 
isters, and those ministers of the Church of England, 
they have been here, and are in other provinces, 
many of them, such as, being of a vicious life and 
conversation, have played so many vile pranks, 
and shewn such an ill light, as has been very pre- 
judicial to religion in general, and the Church of 
England in particular ; or else they have been such 
as, though sober, yet have been very young, and 
so, instead of doing good, have been easily drawn 
into the commission of evil, and become as scan- 
dalous as those last mentioned. Now though, as 
to this last charge, I must not be conceived to speak 
so much in relation to New York as the other 
English plantations, because there has been gen- 
erally, from time to time, but one minister at a 
time as Chaplain to his Majesties forces there, yet 
is not New York wholly unconcerned herein, since, 
there having been several chaplains successive to 
one another, some have not so carried themselves 
as to be, and that deservedly, without blame: be- 
sides, three that I know of have come by the by, 
whose either life or knowledge, or both, have not 
been commendable; and, as I am informed, there 
is one there now, and another going from Barba- 
does, the former not free from all exception, and 
the latter lying under very great scandal. 



NEW YORK IN 1695, 49 

CHAPTER IV. 

OF DIFFERENCE IN RELIGION. 

The province of New York being peopled by- 
several nations, there are manifold and different 
opinions of religion among them ; as to which, 
though there are but very few of any sect who are 
either real or intelligent, yet several of the parti- 
zans of each sort have every one such a desire of 
being uppermost, and increasing the number of 
their own party, that they not only thereby make 
themselves unhappy by destroying true piety, and 
setting up instead thereof a fond heat and blind 
zeal for they know not what, but also industriously 
obstruct the settlement of the established religion 
of the nation, which only can make them happy; 
and have hitherto, either by their craft and cun- 
ning, or their money, prospered in their designs; 
and to do thus they have but too much pretence, 
from the scandalous lives of some ministers — the 
matter considered under the former head. 



CHAPTER V. 

OF THE CIVIL DIVISION. 



I shall, in the fourth place, reckon as not a small 
unhappiness to the province of New York the divi- 



50 NEW YORK IN 1695. 

sion in the civil state happening on this occasion. 
When his present gracious Majesty came into Eng- 
land to redeem us from Popery and arbitrary 
power, the news of his success arriving in New 
England, put some people there upon overturning 
the government, which they affected : how just 
their reasons and proceedings were is not my busi- 
ness to inquire, but this action of theirs put the 
inhabitants of New York upon the like project. 
Colonel Nicholson, the then Lieutenant Governor, 
and the council, thought it best to attend orders 
what they should do from England ; and in the 
meanwhile, the Colonel, to free the people from all 
jealousies and fears, permitted daily a proportion- 
able part of the city train-bands to have the guard 
of the fort with the King's soldiers. But Mr. Jacob 
Leysler, a man of small beginnings, but thence 
grown a merchant, and about this time decaying 
in his fortune, and others of his party, were no 
ways contented with this moderate course pro- 
posed, but, pretending fears of being sold or given 
to the French, and terming all Papists, or popishly 
affected, who did not favor his designs, seized 
upon the fort and government too, in the manage- 
ment of which he did many good things ; and, if 
people say truth, was guilty of doing many things 
that were irregular, and some very bad, as unlaw- 
fully imprisoning the King's subjects, taking away 
their goods by force, designing to kill the natural 
English and all who joined with them, man, 



NEW YORK IN 1695. 51 

woman, and child, &c. ; so that when Colonel 
Slaughter came over in March ItiQl, he and one 
Mr. Milburn his son-in-law, who had greatly 
counselled and assisted him in his designs, were 
tried for their lives and condemned, and, what is 
more, hanged, to the great sorrow and regret of 
their whole party, who have vowed revenge, and, 
some say, want but an opportunity to effect their 
purpose. I shall not pretend here to enquire into 
the real intentions or actions of Leysler's party, or 
those who were against them, neither into the 
truth of those things which the one party allege 
against the other; but only say, that, having con- 
sidered what I have seen done and heard said on 
the one side and on the other, I do believe that 
there were some of either side who sought in what 
they did their own advantage ; many who truly 
did intend his Majesty's service ; and many who 
blindly followed the leading men, neither consid- 
ering what they did, nor whether they led them; 
and that these injuries, done by either side to their 
opposites, have made a most unhappy division and 
breach among them, which will hardly of a long 
time admit of cure, except some very prudent and 
moderate method be used for that purpose more 
than has already been put in practice (see Note 
24). 



221 



52 NEW YORK IN 1695. 



CHAPTER VI. 

OF THE HEATHENISM OF THE INDIANS. 

The next thing in this province blameable is the 
heathenism of the natural Indians, who here, in 
the very heart of a Christian country, practice their 
barbarous and devilish customs and modes of wor- 
ship, notwithstanding it is now sixty years and 
more since Christians first inhabited this country, 
and thirty years since the English were possessed 
thereof Indeed, there is something to be said in 
excuse hereof, that is, the unsettledness of the 
country for a long time, the several changes of gov- 
ernment it has undergone, and the small number 
of the English at present; and something to be 
objected, that is, that it would be first reasonable 
to settle religion among those who are professed 
Christians before we pretend to the conversion and 
settlement of the Indians. To which I answer, 
that, as what is passed must be excused, since it 
can't be helped, so, I see no reason in the objec- 
tion, because a sufiicient provision may be made, 
that one thing may be done and the other not left 
undone ; especially when the Indians are so inclina- 
ble to receive the Christian faith, as they have made 
appear they are, both by that considerable number 
of the Mohawks whom Dr. Dellius has converted, 
(though by a method not so exact and prevalent as 



NEW YORK IN 1695. 53 

might be used,) and those Oneidas converted to 
Popery by the Jesuit Millet, (see Note 25,) much to 
the advantage of the French, who have debauched 
so many of our Indians as they have made Christ- 
ians, and obliged, by so doing, some of our Mo- 
hawks so much, that one of them, as I have heard, 
having run away from us to them, and, thereupon, 
being upbraided with his infidelity in forsaking 
his old friends, in his own defence made answer, 
that he had lived long among the English, but they 
had never all that while had so much love for him 
as to instruct him in the concerns of his soul, and 
shew him the way to salvation, which the French 
had done upon their first acqaintance with him; 
and, therefore, he was obliged to love and be faith- 
ful to them, and engage as many of his nation as 
he could to go along with him and to partake of 
the same knowledge and instructions that were 
afforded and imparted to him, so that it appears to 
be a work not only of great charity but of almost 
absolute necessity to endeavor the conversion of 
the five nations and other Indians, lest they be 
wholly debauched by the French, and become, 
by God's just permission, for our neglect therein, 
of faithful and true friends, as they have been 
hitherto, most dangerous and cruel enemies. 



54 NEW YORK IN 1695. 



CHAPTER VIL 

OF CANADA. 

Canada, (see Note 26,) although not in this prov- 
ince, but far distant from it, is yet a great enemy 
to the peace and happiness of it. First, as it is the 
reason why the most fruitful part thereof lies at 
present waste, forsaken by its former inhabitants, 
and hindered as to its future improvements. 
Second, as it is the reason why His Majesty and 
the remainder of this province are at great charges 
in maintaining Albany and the frontiers against 
the insults of the French and their Indians. Third, 
as they debauch our Indians from their fidelity, 
and instruct them in popery, both which at present 
are, and hereafter will be, much to the damage of 
this province : add hereunto that, by the damage 
they do to the other provinces [of] New England, 
and are at all times ready to do, they put the king 
of England and his subjects to a great deal more 
charge to defend themselves than the king of 
France, or the Jesuits (if it be their country, as 
some say it is) are at to defend Canada against 
usjthough we are in all over twenty times their 
number; besides, the governors of New York that 
have been from time to time have so often 
promised our Indians, to encourage them to 
continue the war, that they would send for ships 



NEW YORK IN 1695. 55 



from England to come and wholly subdue and 
conquer Canada, that they, seeing they do not 
come, and that Sir Francis Wheeler, when at 
Boston, attempted nothing, begin to be discon- 
tented, and to charge the governor with breach of 
promise, and are very wavering in their fidelity 
and friendship towards the English; so that it ap- 
pears a matter highly requisite to be endeavoured 
to conquer and subdue Canada, and that before it 
grow stronger in fortifications than at present it is; 
and, indeed, it is a shame it should not be effected, 
when we so much exceed them in strength in 
those parts, and when, if it please God to prosper 
us therein, we shall not only be freed from the 
charges which at present every province is at, 
more or less, but Canada may be so settled that 
it may be a great addition of strength and wealth 
to the English in America, without being, in a little 
time, any charge, but rather a benefit to the crown, 
as by a method to be laid down for the subduing 
and re-settlement of it, shall, as I trust, in due 
time and place appear. And now I have finished 
the consideration of the province of New York, 
and of those things therein or relating thereto 
which, being of greater moment or consequence, 
are worthy of blame and correction; and shall now 
lay down the means and method which I conceive 
proper for the remedying thereof, and thereby of 
advantaging and improving the country, which I 
shall do in three chapters: the first treating of the 



56 NKW YORK IN 1695. 



more general means; the second containing a par- 
ticular method for the conversion of the Indians; 
and the third proposing a way for the subduing and 
resettlement of Canada. 



CHAPTER VIII. 

OF THE MORE GENERAL MEANS FOR CORRECTING THE EVILS 
IN NEW YORK. 

The great, most proper, and as I conceive effectual, 
means to remedy and prevent all the disorders I 
have already mentioned, and promote the settle- 
ment and improvement of religion and unity, both 
among the English subjects that are already Chris- 
tians and the Indians supposed to be made so, is, 
that his Majesty will graciously please to send over 
a bishop to the province of New York, who, if duly 
qualified, impowered, and settled, may, with the 
assistance of a small force for the subduing of Can- 
ada, by God's grace and blessing be author of great 
happiness, not only to New York in particular, but 
to all the English plantations on that part of the 
continent of America in general. I doubt not but 
this proposal may, at first sight, seem very strange 
and unlikely to be effected; but if what follows be 
duly weighed and considered, I believe it will not 
appear wholly unreasonable. 

It has heretofore been usual in England, when 
and where the dioceses have been so large that the 



NEW YORK IN 1695. 5*1 

bishop alone could not suffice for the government 
thereof, to adjoin to him one or more suffragan 
bishops, each of which were wont to execute such 
power, jurisdiction, and authority, and receive such 
profits as were limited in their commission by the 
bishop or diocesan whose suffragans they were. 
Such an one, I humbly conceive, might be very 
well sent over to the north-east part of America, to 
to be there and act as suffragan to my Lord of 
London. To do this, as I doubt not his Majesty's 
power, so I cannot think my Lord of London will 
be unwilling; and I am sure the great distance of 
the country, being 3000 miles from England, the 
largeness of the provinces considered altogether, 
and number of the people, with the other particu- 
lars already mentioned, do sufficiently require it. 
In hopes, therefore, that such a proposal as this 
will meet with good entertainment, or with a char- 
itable and candid construction, at the least, among 
those who can best promote it, I shall proceed to 
mention some things which will much conduce to 
the bishop's better entertainment and success (see 
Note 27). 

And, first, I shall speak of his personal qualifica- 
tions; second of the place of his residence; third, 
of the powers to be committed to him ; and, fourth, 
of the provision to be made for his maintenance. 

1. — Among his personal qualifications I must, in 
the first place, reckon his age, his learning, and his 
piety, which, being particulars not fit for me to 

^ 227 



58 NEW YORK IN 1695. 



speak of, I shall pass them by, and leave them to 
the prudent judgment and determination of that 
pious prelate whose suffragan he is to be. But be- 
cause lam something acquainted with the humours 
and inclinations of the inhabitantsof that country, 
I shall make bold to add, that it is requisite he be 
a person of an obliging temper and conversation, 
who, having power to compel, will rather persuade 
and win to obedience by kind acts and generous 
usage ; one whose deportment must vindicate his 
person and place from contempt, and yet must be, 
when occasions require, so meek, complaisant, and 
free, that even the meanest may not have reason 
to count him proud. One whose generous soul 
must always aim at good and laudable actions, and 
whose humility and love to virtue must be so great 
and real as that he will not think much to submit 
to low condescensions, inferior means, and contin- 
ual pains to bring a pious and possible design to per- 
fection : one that can so justly esteem of riches as 
to think it a necessary care to manage his income 
well, that he may have wherewithal to forward 
and encourage a good work, and yet so little affect 
and love them, as freely to part with them to pious 
and charitable uses; and, lastly, one that will both 
constantly practice those eminent notes of true 
Christianity, love and charity, himself, and promote 
them among all those who call themselves disciples 
of the crucified Jesus. 

2. — The place of his residence, as I have already 

228 



NEW YORK IN 1695. 59 

intimated, will most properly be in the province 
and city of New York, for which there are several 
reasons: — first, the healthfnlness of the country, 
the air being clear and pure, and the climate most 
agreeable to an English constitution, so that few 
or none contract diseases on that account, but 
many are freed from them ; second, because a 
maintenance will be more easily settled for him in 
this province than in any other, after the manner 
I shall presently set down ; third, because this is 
the most proper place to begin a reformation of 
disorders in, which are here greater than any 
where else, and yet will be more easily regulated; 
and to settle the government of the church oi Eng- 
land, a matter whose foundation being already 
laid, though at present hindered, will yet, with a 
little pains, be put into a good forwardness ; fourth, 
for the site of it, this country is as much as may be 
in the midst of all the other English plantations, 
so that a bishop being placed therein, his good in- 
fluences and care will be readily dispensed for the 
benefit of every part; fifth, because there are 
already such forces in this province, that is, 300 
soldiers in his majesty's pay, as will be sufficient 
to awe troublesome and pragmatical spirits, if 
there be any so bold as to endeavour to make any 
disturbance upon his going over. 

3. — The power and authority requisite for him 
are these following : — first, that he be consecrated 
bishop by the archbishop, and duly impowered by 



60 NEW YORK IN 1695. 



my Lord of London, so that he may act as suffra- 
gan bishop to him, not only in New York, but also 
in all the English provinces in that part of Amer- 
ica; second, that his Majesty, uniting the prov- 
inces of New York, Connecticut, New Jersey, and 
Khode Island into one government, will please 
(see Note 28,) to send him over governor thereofj 
allowing him all the powers and privileges granted 
usually to the governors of New York, with power 
also to go out of his province so often as he shall 
think good to visit the other provinces as bishop 
only, and to constitute, not only for the time of 
his absence but if he see necessary at all other 
times, a lieutenant governor under him. 

Note, that this union of the four governments 
proposed is not of absolute necessity, only of great 
convenience, so that it may be omitted (especially 
if Canada be subdued,) and the bishop be made 
governor of New York only, with the powers and 
priviliges before mentioned. 

4. — That a maintenance may not be wanting 
suitable to his place and the great ends he is to 
promote, neither for the present nor future, it is 
requisite, 

First, that if his Majesty is pleased to unite the 
four governments into one, that then he will please 
also to allow the bishop, as governor thereof, .£1500 
per annum, out of which a reasonable part or por- 
tion shall be paid to the lieutenant governor; or if 
New York be continued as it is at present, and he 



NEW YORK IN 1695. 61 

sent over as governor thereof only, that then his 
IVdajesty will please to allow him jEIOOO per ann. 
salary (out of which the lieutenant governor to 
have a reasonable part,) and all the other profits, 
benefits, and privileges which the present governor 
of New York enjoys; and also leave and power to 
search for (if he please) and open royal mines, as 
of silver, etc., if he can find any such, either in 
Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York, or New 
Jersey, on condition that in so doing he make use 
of the service of negroes only, and to pay to his 
Majesty such a proportion of the metal as, the 
charges and goodness of the ore considered, shall 
seem reasonable 

Second, That, to make up the abatement of his 
salary by that part allowed the lieutenant gov- 
ernor, his Majesty will please, so soon as oppor- 
tunity presents, to give him some considerable pre- 
ferment in England that does not require his per- 
sonal residence. 

Third, That his Majesty will please to allow him 
all licenses of marriage and probates of wills, and 
other things usually belonging to the bishops of Eng- 
land, and at present withheld from my Lord of Lon- 
don, and these to be given to himself as bishop, and 
those who shall be sent after him to serve in that 
station, now only in the province of New York 
and its dependencies, but hereafter in the other 
provinces also, so soon as religion shall come to be 
fully established therein: these particulars, if 



62 NEW YORK IN 1695. 



granted, will well suffice for a present maintenance ; 
but then we must not neglect to propose a method 
of providing and settling a future maintenance that 
may be peculiar to himself as bishop, when he is 
so only, not constituted governor, as at present he 
is supposed to be, but when some other gentleman 
is sent over in that station, that he may then have 
wherewithal to maintain his family and keep up 
hospitality. Besides what [is] already considered, 
that will then remain to him, these further partic- 
ulars are necessary to be put in practice :— 

1. That his Majesty wiJl please to give him 
the farm in New York, commonly called the king's 
farm, for a seat for himself and successors, which, 
though at present a very ordinary thing, yet will it 
admit of considerable improvement; and since this 
farm, renting at present for sixty bushels of wheat 
per annum, in the whole at four shillings per 
bushel, amounting to <£12 New York money, is at 
present an advantage to the governor, that I may 
not seem not to care how much I impoverish the 
governor so I enrich the bishop, I further propose 
that the bishop be obliged, when himself is not 
governor, to render an equivalent to the present 
rent, either by giving yearly so many loads of hay, 
or by settling so much land where he please, with- 
in two miles of New York, as shall be sufficient for 
that purpose, or to pay the sum of money itself, 
which shall be best approved of 

2. That his Majesty will please, by letters patent, 



NEW YORK IN 1695. 63 

to grant him the propriety of the Mohawks land, 
that is, so much thereof as is now unpurchased of 
the Indians, on condition that the first improve- 
ment he makes thereof shall be to settle in one or 
two towns, as shall seem best, 100 English families, 
on 5000 or 6000 acres of good land, the whole to be 
settled on himself as bishop, and his successors; 
and, for his encouragement, so to do with all the 
other land to be improved by him afterwards, as 
shall be best for the particular benefit and advan- 
tage of himself and heirs. 

And that the Bishop may be the better furnished 
for some particular works of charity, such as con- 
verting the Indians, building churches, settling 
houses and a maintenance for ministers, etc., it is 
further humbly proposed— 

1. That his Majesty, the Bishops, and other char- 
itably disposed gentlemen, will please to make 
some contributions towards building a church in 
New York. 

2. That his Majesty and my Lord of London, 
will please to give him the best authority and di- 
rections that may be for the obtaining apart of the 
revenue settled in New England for converting the 
Indians, such as shall be thought convenient. 

3. That his Majesty will please to allow a chap- 
lain to the soldiers at Albany in particular (to be 
paid out of the advance of their pay) who are lately 
gone over, and to be sometimes changed with him 
at New York. 



64 NEW YORK IN 1695. 



4. Lastly, it is necessary that the Bishop carry 
over with him five or six sober young ministers, 
with bibles and prayer books, and other things 
convenient for churches, as shall be thought best. 

Whosoever goes over with these powers, quali- 
fications, and supplies, shall in a short time (through 
God's assistance) be able to make a great progress 
in the settlement of religion, and the correction of 
vice and debauchery in those countries; and, to 
be a little more particular, — 

1. To those several vices of irreligion, drunken- 
ness, cursing and swearing, fornication and adul- 
tery, thieving, and other evils accompanying them, 
he may put a stop by causing the good laws of Eng- 
land already made to be put in execution, and by 
providing others where those seem or are deficient ; 
and also, 

2. Which will remedy likewise the second head 
of inconveniences, want of a ministry, by settling 
ministers in those towns already provided for by 
Act of Assembly in some measure, and, as he best 
can, by supplying them with what is wanting, both 
for their private necessities and for the public exer- 
cise of religion, as allotting to them or purchasing 
for them glebe lands, promoting the building of 
churches, ministers' houses, settling schools with 
salaries, &c , by endeavoring so soon as maybe, to 
provide for other places which are not provided for 
by that act, by exhorting, and, where good advice 
and persuasions will not prevail, by compelling, 



NEW YORK IN 1695. 65 

ministers to live piously and soberly, and give a 
good example to their flocks. 

3. By not suffering any justice of peace to marry 
in the province within ten miles of the place 
where any minister dwells, and endeavoring to 
promote the establishment of the like law in other 
provinces where it may conveniently be done, by 
causing the ministers and churchwardens to keep 
registers of all christenings, buryings, and marri- 
ages, according as in England is bylaw appointed, 
and always to take great care to prevent the marry- 
ing of any persons who are either one or both of 
them already engaged or married to others. 

4. And where this is duly taken care of, another 
inconveniency will be well provided for. Men, 
although at present of many and different opinions, 
yet may be reconciled, in a great measure, by a 
pious and prudent ministry, who will seek to re- 
duce them by good exhortations, to oblige them 
by neighbourly and charitable kindnesses, to en- 
courage them by their own pi-actice to live in the 
fear of God, and in brotherly love and unity one 
with another. 

5. And though this method will greatly help 
towards the removal of the fourth inconveniency, 
yet it will not be completed without the assistance 
of his civil authority ; that is, by causing a pro- 
clamation, or, if it seem necessary, an Act of As- 
sembly, to be made, prohibiting all people to 
reproach any person for having been of Leysler's 



66 NEW YORK IN 1695. 



or the contrary party; to vex or sue one another 
in law for any evils suffered in those times, or 
since; or to do any thing that may tend to the 
widening the hreach or continuing the remem- 
brance thereof, commanding them to forget things 
past, and to forgive one another; to live in peace, 
and to associate together as they did before that 
division, and as if such a thing had never hap- 
pened : and by shewing himself indifferent to both 
parties, encouraging equally those of them who 
show themselves honest and virtuous, and truly 
well affected to his Majesty's interest. Thus may 
these several inconveniencies already mentioned 
be well redressed ; but as for the conversion of the 
Indians, and the conquest of Canada, they will 
require, each of them, a particular chapter. 



CHAPTER IX. 

OF CONVERTING THE INDIANS. 

When I speak of converting the Indians, by In- 
dians I mean, principally, those five nations which 
lie between Albany and Canada, and are called : 
1, Mohawks or Maquaes ; 2, Oneides; o, Chiugas; 
4, Onundages; and 5, Penecas : (see Note 29,) of 
whom tho' most of the Mohawks are converted to 
Christianity by Dr. Dellius, and some of the Oneides 



NEW YORK IN 1695. 6T 



by the Jesuit Millet ; yet the first not being yet es- 
tablished in any good order at all, and the last 
being converted to popery, I look upon the work 
as yet wholly to be done ; and if what has been 
already done is not a disadvantage to it, yet that 
little advantage is gained thereby, except a demon- 
stration of inclination of the Indians to embrace 
the Christian religion. And though I mention 
only the five nations, yet do I not speak of them 
so as excluding all other septs and nations of them ; 
no — for I hope this, once performed and brought to 
a good pass, may be as a ground work to the con- 
version of all the rest, as opportunity shall present ; 
yea, possibly may be improved so far as to render 
this part of the continent truly civilized, speaking 
the English language, and submitting to his Ma- 
jesty's government. And to begin, — 

First. — That the person who undertakes this 
work should be a person of great authority, ability, 
and power, that he may the better persuade with 
them, and be the more respected, and abler to go 
through with such a matter, are things of so great 
advantage, that if they were not things already 
provided for, do deserve certainly to be put in the 
first place; but it being proposed that the bishop 
himself who shall be sent over be the main-spring 
and mover in this work, I therefore, without say- 
ing more thereof, add. 

Second. — That when he goes out of England he 
carry over with him one Dutch and English diction- 

237 



NEW YORK IN 1695. 



ary, interleaved with white paper ; paper of several 
sorts and in considerable quantity, for writing and 
printing books thereon ; nails, iron, glass, and lead, 
for the churches and ministers' houses ; tools for 
joiners, carpenters, masons and glaziers, in such 
quantities as shall be thought convenient, or at least 
as the monies given for that purpose will allow. 

Third.— That after his arrival there, he, with 
two other ministers whom he shall best approve of 
to be his assistants, set to learning that Indian lan- 
guage which is best understood by all the five na- 
tions; and for that purpose send for, and entertain 
in some employment about him, Mr. Arnhout, of 
Albany, (see Note 30,) the chief interpreter between 
the English and the Indians, who will be a great 
help to him in composing a dictionary, and learn- 
ing the language; and get an Indian Bible and 
grammar from Boston, which will be likewise of 
some advantage to him. 

Fourth. — That after he can speak Indian well, 
and translate elegantly, he then, as opportunity 
shall best present, call all the five nations together, 
and endeavour, in a discourse composed for that 
purpose, to instruct them, and, by the best argu- 
ments he can, to persuade them to embrace the 
Christian faith and be baptized; in which if it 
please God he succeeds, as there is great hopes he 
may, then^ — 

1st. — To desire of the five nations so many sober 
young men of each nation as he shall think con- 



NEW YORK IN 1695. 69 

venient to live with him some time, and learn to 
read and write in their own language, and also to 
speak the English tongue, and read and write in 
the same; and some others, in number about 
twelve, to learn the trades of joinery, carpentry, 
masonry, and glazing; and, in the meantime, 
while they are learning these things, one of the 
two ministers shall be appointed to instruct the 
Indians in Christianity, as may best be done, and 
to bring over those who do not consent upon the 
first proposal. 

2d.^ — While the other minister- is learning the 
young Indians to read, etc. himself, with his assis- 
tance, may translate, as of the greatest use and 
necessity, the Common Prayer Book, the thirty- 
nine Articles, the Whole Duty of Man, and Patrick's 
Psalms ; and then afterwards, as they best may, 
( ) Short explanation of the Church Cate- 

chism, Dr. Hammond's Catechism, some short pre- 
paratory form for receiving the holy communion, 
a morning and evening Prayer for private persons, 
and a Primer for children, with a short morning 
and evening Prayer, and Graces before and after 
meat; so many copies of each to be printed as 
shall be thought convenient, and no other book be- 
sides them to be translated or printed in the In- 
dian language, especially not the Bible, that the 
(see Note 31,) Indians, through a desire to read 
them, may be stirred up to learn the English lan- 
guage, and so at length may be induced to exchange 

239 



70 NEW YORK IN 1695. 



that for their own ; for otherwise, the Indian nations 
being so many, it will be almost an impossible 
work to convert them and provide for their civiliz- 
ing and instruction. 

3d. — After the young men can read and write 
well, and are acquainted with our language, cus- 
toms, and religious service, the manner and way 
thereof (in which they, as also those put to trades, 
are to be inured as much as may be), and admitted 
to holy orders, then to dispose of them, settling one 
in every castle, except where two small castles are 
near to one another, for both which one may well 
suffice ; and, for their better settlement, to cause 
to be built a church, a minister's house, and large 
room adjoining to it for a school, of wood or stone, as 
shall seem best and cheapest, (in which work the la- 
bour of those who learn trades will be very helpful) ; 
and after those things are perfected, gathering all 
the heads of the five nations together, to cause a 
maintenance by land to be settled for their minis- 
try, that is the tenth part of their profit or income 
by hunting, fishing, fowling, etc., and of their corn 
and other fruits of the earth, with some peculiar ad- 
vantages upon the account of their being school- 
masters, as it is intended they shall be. Those 
who are instructed in trades are to live among their 
countrymen, to teach them their arts; and that 
they may find employment, they are to be put 
upon building houses after the English manner, 
keeping cattle and fowls, ploughing the ground, 



NEW YORK IN 1695. 11 

and imitating the English in their other trades, 
ways of living, and customs, and one thing after 
another, that so, by degrees they may leave off 
their savage ways and become civilized, which, 
except it can be effected, it will signify but little 
to plant religion among them ; therefore, so many 
other young sober Indians as shall be thought con- 
venient may be taken in the places of those who 
are settled as ministers, and taught and instructed 
after the sam.e manner they were, and put in their 
places too so soon as fit for it, either when any of 
them prove debauched, or improve not in know- 
ledge, or neglect their duty (who in that case shall 
again be under instruction for their amendment or 
better information), or where any of them prove 
of eminent parts above the rest, and more sober 
and religious, who shall then be encouraged and 
allowed fit helps and instructions for the promoting 
the conversion oftheir neighbouring nations, which 
they may well do with the assistance of an English 
minister or two and the countenance of the bishop; 
and so in a few years, if this method be duly pros- 
ecuted, all the Indians on this part of the continent 
may,as'tis to be hoped, be converted to Christianity; 
and, when they are civilized, may easily be induced 
to submit to the English government by the bishop, 
whom they must needs look upon, respect, and 
obey as their spiritual father, and one who will, to 
be sure, advise them as shall be most for their real 
benefit and welfare. And when they come to such 



12 NEW YORK IN 1695. 



a pass as that way can be made and means settled 
for arts and sciences to flourish among them, there 
is no doubt but many of them will become men 
of sufficient learning so that they may be instructed 
in the way of preaching, and have the full govern- 
ment and service of the Church of England settled 
among them, or acquainted with our laws, so as 
to be made magistrates, and govern the people by 
our statutes instead of their own rude and barbar- 
ous customs. The first of which when perfected, 
as it will be a great credit to the Church of Eng- 
land, so will the other be of great advantage to the 
civil state thereof; and both, I hope, tend to the 
glory of God and the eternal felicity of immortal 
souls. 

But, till these designs can be fully accomplished, 
we must be contented to insist upon a method of 
religion that, though not complete as it should be, 
is yet such as the beginnings of Christianity among 
them will bear, and as is proper for weak teachers 
and ignorant hearers, and that to be this that fol- 
lows : — 

The ministers' duty in general among them is to 
be this : to pray for them, to read and administer 
the sacraments to them, to teach their children to 
read and to write, and speak English and their cate- 
chism, and to be thus ordered : 

1st. He is to read Common Prayer among them 
(the lessons out of the Bible excepted) every Sun- 
day and holyday, both morning and evening. 



NEW YORK IN 1695. 73 

2d. On Easter Sunday, Whitsunday, the third 
Sunday in September, and on Christmas-day, after 
Common Prayer read in the morning and a psalm 
sung, he shall read to the people the thirty-nine 
articles of religion, and every other Sunday one 
portion of "The Whole Duty of Man," as they 
shall fall in order, and, when the whole is read out, 
shall begin again. 

3d. Every first Sunday of the month, and on Good 
Friday, Easter-day, Whitsunday, and Christmas 
day, he shall administer the holy sacrament; and 
then the Sunday preceding such administration, 
upon notice thereof given, shall be read the exhort- 
ation in the Common Prayer-book appointed for 
that purpose. 

4th. Every Sunday in the afternoon, at evening 
prayer, when the first and second lessons should 
be read in place thereof, after a psalm set he shall 
publicly catechise the children ; those that are 
able to read, unto eight years of age, in the Church 
Catechism, from eight to twelve years of age in 
( ) Short explanation thereof* and those from 

twelve to sixteen years of age in Dr. Hammond's 
Catechism, after which they may be admitted to 
the sacrament. The several catechisms shall be 
learned by heart by the children at home and at 
school. 

5th. On the working days he shall teach the 
chidren to write, and to read, and to speak English ; 

for their reading using a Horn-book, The Primer, 

10 



14: 



NEW YORK IN 1695, 



the Church Catechism, etc. ; for teaching English, 
to use those and the English translations of them, 
together with the other books, and also a grammar, 
with familiar dialogues to be composed for that 
purpose, and the Dictionary. 

; And by the just and constant observance of this 
method, there is no doubt but, through God's grace, 
they may be brought to and continued in a reason- 
able knowledge and practice of the Christian reli- 
gion, till such time as, being thoroughly civilized, 
the whole discipline and government of the Church 
of England may be settled among them, and also 
duly practiced and observed by them. 



CHAPTER X. 

OF THE METHOD HOW TO SUBDUE AND RESETTLE CANADA. 

I AM now in the last place to speak of the con- 
quest of Canada, that is, how it may be effected, 
a business in which, though the Bishop is not so 
much concerned as in the former, especially as to 
the warlike part, yet may he be more than a cipher, 
yea, of particular consideration in the settlement of 
it, if it please God to permit it to be subdued, as in 
the sequel will appear. 

What the strength and condition of Canada is 
at present is pretty well made evident by the ac- 
count thereof which I sent over about ten or twelve 



NEW YORK IN 1695. 15 



months ago to the Right Reverend Bishop of Lon- 
don, a copy whereof I also had, which I lost (when 
I was taken prisoner) with my other papers, and in 
respect to that it is that this present method is laid 
down; and though it may be supposed, since that 
time, to be made rather stronger than become 
weaker, yet will it not, I think, be able to resist, if 
courageously invaded and prudently assaulted with 
the forces, and in the manner hereafter men- 
tioned : — 

1st. The first thing then to be done, in order to 
the conquest of Canada, is to pitch upon a general 
for the conducting and carrying it on ; the general, 
then, is to be but one to command all forces, both 
by sea and land, that are sent or appointed for 
this purpose : for long experience has taught us, 
that equal and divided commands have ruined 
many noble undertakings and great armies. The 
wise and warlike Romans found this true, and, 
therefore, in their ^^ra.rs of greatest moment and 
danger, they generally had recourse to a dictator; 
and the success in the late invasion of Martinico 
has taught us the truth of it, wherein, as I have 
been credibly informed by impartial and eye-wit- 
nesses, the difference between the land and sea 
generals was the main, if not only, occasion of the 
miscarriage. As to his prudence, fidelity, experi- 
ence, conduct, and courage, all great virtues and 
necessary in a commander, I have no need to speak 
thereof; his sacred Majesty, who is to pitch upon 

245 



16 NEW YORK IN 1695. 

and commissionate him, being a most excellent 
and incomparable judge in those matters. 

2d. The second thing to be provided for is forts, 
and warlike provisions sufficient for such a design, 
and these to be either sent for [from] England or 
prepared in America. The forces to be sent from 
England are proposed to be three ships of war of 
from forty to sixty guns, well rigged and manned 
according to their rates, furnished with all warlike 
provisions necessary for sea-service and mainten- 
ance of the men; as to which there maybe six 
months provision of beer and water, and of beef, 
pork, oatmeal, peas, and bread, etc., for twelve 
months, canvass for 4000 or 5000 hammocks, or 
rather so many hammocks ready made for the forces 
that are to be raised in America ; and, for the land 
service, 500 soldiers, well armed and accoutred, 
young, stout, well exercised, and, so far as may be, 
unmarried; twenty pieces of ordnance proper for 
battering of walls, with spunges, ladles, worms, 
powder, and bullets, etc., and two or three mortar 
pieces with granado shells, bombs, carcasses, 
spades, mattocks, and also powder and ball for the 
forces to be raised in America, that nothing may 
be wanting, though the enterprise prove much 
more difficult than is expected, it being much bet- 
ter to bring back ammunition than to fail in a de- 
sign for want of it: however, as to the quantities 
and kinds thereof, I submit to better judgments^ 
and shall only say that it will be a commendable 



NEW YORK IN 1695. It 

care to see that the officers, both by sea and land, 
be such as are truly faithful and loyal to his Majesty. 
These ships, with all the particulars aforesaid, are 
to be ready to set sail by the middle, or, at farthest, 
by the latter end of February next. 

The forces to be prepared in America, are to be 
these and in this proportion following: — 'New Eng- 
land 2000 men, Connecticut 700, Rhode Island and 
Martins-vineyard 200, New York 300, New Jersey 
300, Pennsylvania 300, Maryland 400, Virginia 
1000, and Carolina 300, amounting in all to the 
number of 5500, each man to have in readiness so 
much powder and ball as shall be judged requisite ; 
and, if it be thought expedient, twenty carriages 
also may be made in New York for the twenty guns, 
to be sent over according to measures and direc- 
tions to be sent likewise for that purpose. 

The manner of ordering these forces and mate- 
rials to be prepared shall be laid down under the 
next head, which is concerning the secrecy and 
privacy wherewith these affairs are to be carried on, 
which ought to be great so that the enemies may not 
get any foreknowledge of it ; for, next to strength- 
ening ourselves, nothing is more necessary than to 
endeavour to surprise our enemy, which is done, 
first by rendering him secure ; second, by coming 
upon him unawares; and, third, by drawing away 
what strength or provision he already hath, as far 
as may be, from the place or places against which 
our designs are chiefly laid, which I conceive may 



78 NEW YORK IN 1695. 



be done by ordering affairs in this manner follow- 
ing :— 

1st. To prevent all knowledge, or even suspicion, 
of what is intended by the provisions made at home 
and sent over, the ships may be pretended as con- 
voys to the Must fleet, and to the Virginia fleet; and 
as to the siores put aboard them, it must be done as 
privately as may be, though, of itself, it be a thmg 
that will not much be suspected, because it has 
been usual to send over stores to the American 
plantations, neither will the soldiers be much taken 
notice of, they being but 500; besides, they may be 
put on board at Plymouth suddenly, and under pre- 
tence of better manning the ships; or, if there goes 
a squadron of men of war to guard the fleet out of 
the Channel, it maybe pretended that it is to inure 
them to the sea service; and then they maybe 
disposed of to several other ships, as if they were 
to come back again therewith after having seen 
the fleet out of danger; and at sea they may be 
put aboard the ships in which they are to go to 
New York: in short, many ways may be thought 
of for the concealing the intention of so small a 
preparation, and that particularly pitched upon 
which will seem most likely and proper for the time. 
But, then, besides the orders given to the captains 
of the ships publicly, and for that purpose, they 
must likewise have other sealed orders given them 
very privately, with command not to break them 
open till a certain time to be appointed, that is, 



NEW YORK IN 1695, 79 

when they come to separate from, the fleet, or when 
the fleet itself comes to separate, or, if they chance 
to be separated by foul weather, then to break open 
those orders wherein it shall be appointed them 
what port to go to, that is. New York; what com- 
mander to obey, that is the same who is made gen- 
eral of the land forces; how long to stay, that is, 
either till the design is effected, or till the coming 
out of some fleet according as the governor of the 
province where they are shall judge best for his 
Majesty's service; or if there be a great necessity 
and the ships proper, they may be sent out to cruise 
for privateers, or they may be ordered to visit New- 
foundland by the way. One thing seems here 
proper to be mentioned, that is, that when these 
orders are opened, and the soldiers come to have 
some knowledge where they are going, their pay 
may be paid them till such time as they came 
aboard, and further advantages promised them for 
their encouragement. 

It will not be amiss, if two French ministers, 
that are in orders of the Church of England, be 
sent over with these ships, for, if it please God the 
design prosper, there will be occasion for them. 

2. For the more private carrying on of the design 
as to the forces prepared in the West Indies, it is 
convenient not to let it be so much as known to 
any person there (except that his Majesty shall 
please to communicate it to any of the governors) 
what is the true cause of raising the forces ordered 



80 NEW YORK IN 1695. 

to be raised, and that may be done thus : It is now, 
while I am writing this, certain, that the French 
have a design upon the merchants trading on the 
coast of Guinea, and those trading into the West 
Indies. In order to the carrying on of the first, 
they are fitting out at St. M aloes four privateers, 
of from forty to fifty guns, and Monsieur de Gatine, 

commissary there, sent for one Captain Piles, 

and Henry Pinson his mate, both taken on board 
a small Guineaman, and having good knowledge 
of the coast and trade, and present condition of 
affairs there, to examine them concerning the same. 
And in order to the carrying on of the last, the Eng- 
lish prisoners that came about four days ago, that 
is, October the 6th, last past, from Nants, do as- 
sure us, that the French are there fitting out seven- 
teen privateers of from twenty-five and thirty to 
forty guns, whereof twelve are already rigged and 
fitted, to be manned in part with English, Scotch, 
and Irish, and to be sent to the West Indies, to 
interrupt and spoil our trade, and make prize of 
our merchantmen there. Hereupon occasion may 
be very well taken, and letters ordered to be writ- 
ten and sent with duplicates thereof by ships in 
December next ensuing, or the beginning of Janu- 
ary, to every one of his Majesty's governors, and 
also to those of the proprietors, wherein to be sig- 
nified to each of them, that there is certain intelli- 
gence from France of their fitting out divers ships 
of war, twenty or more, and that they are intended 



NEW YORK IN 1695. 81 

against our plantations in America. That, there- 
fore, it is his Majesty's strict charge and command, 
that every one of them cause to be armed, in their 
several provinces, such a number of their choicest 
men as shall, by one, two, or three hundred, ex- 
ceed the number before set down, and to meet at 
their chief port town by the 1st of April, and there 
to see that they be well armed, and every man pro- 
vided with a proportion of powder and ball, to be 
appointed and to exercise them daily till further 
order; and, in the meantime, to see that whatso- 
ever of his Majesty's ships are in their several ports, 
be cleaned and fitted for sea, so as to be ready to 
sail with the first order ; and also to fit and pre- 
pare a sufficient number of good ships and sloops, 
and provisions of bread, beef, beer, pork, and peas, 
etc. for six months, in case there be occasion to 
transport the soldiers from their province to any 
other where it shall appear the enemy does chiefly 
intend his invasion, of which warning may be 
promised them by an express so soon as there 
shall be certain notice thereof 

And over and above this, orders may be sent to 
the Governor of New York, in particular, to make 
the twenty carriages as before ; and to cause to 
attend at New York, from the 1st of April till fur- 
ther order, Robert Sanders of Albany, and five others 
that can give the latest and truest account of the 
present state and condition of Canada, without let- 
ting them know what they are caused to wait for, 
11 



82 NEW YORK IN 1695. 



but only, in general, that it is for his Majesty's 
service ; and that they shall be paid for the loss of 
their time, or else they may be kept under arms as 
men of special service and courage, which shall 
seem best to him, for concealing the true reason of 
their attendance. As for the carriages, he may pre- 
tend for the making thereof, that he has notice of 
so many guns of such a sort or bigness coming 
over, and order to have carriages for them in as 
much readiness as may be ; that so soon as he has 
them they may be presently fitted for use, and 
planted where he shall think most convenient. 

There may likewise with these, other orders be 
sent him, not to be broken open till the 1st of April, 
wherein it may be signified unto him that his Ma- 
jesty, looking upon the French preparations as in- 
tended against New York, would send some ships 
of war over to his assistance, but that he immedi- 
ately endeavour to stop any intelligence thereof 
from going to Canada. That he also send the sev- 
eral orders therein enclosed to the governors of the 
several provinces, to cause them forthwith to send 
away the exact number of forces chosen out of 
those armed and exercised according to former 
order, to the port of New York, he in the mean- 
while to make all the preparation he can of victuals 
and lodging to entertain them, and, when they 
shall be arrived, to see they be well armed, and to 
exercise them, and acquaint them with the way of 



NEW YORK IN 1695. 83 

camping and engaging, till such tinae as the ships, 
and a commander-in-chief with them, shall come. 

Again, to divert the enemy from the care of those 
places against which this design is chiefly laid, 
that is Quebeck, and their other places of greatest 
strength, a third order must yet be sent to the Gov- 
ernor of New York, appointing him to raise the In- 
dians of the five nations, and to join with them 200 
of the garrison and forces about Albany, 200 from 
New England, and 100 from Connecticut (for the 
obtaining whereof orders are also to be sent him 
by the first ships), and to have them ready, so that 
on the 1st of May they may be ready to march 
towards Canada; and there, by endeavouring, or 
pretending to endeavour, something that shall tend 
notably to the advantage of our party and the dis- 
advantage of the French, as the fortifying and 
settling Cadaraque, or, seizing on some French 
garrison, to draw down the Governor of Canada 
and his forces towards them, but to take great care 
to keep in places of security, and not to be too ac- 
tive, but only while away the time, and delude the 
enemy, unless he sees he can gain a considerable 
advantage without any great hazard of his men. 

Lastly, the commander-in-chief sent from Eng- 
land is to receive his commission for this service 
privately from his Majesty, wherein to be appointed 
commander-in-chief of all the aforesaid forces by 
sea and land, as well as those on Albany side as 
those which are to be transported by sea to Canada, 

263 



84 NEW YORK IN 1695. 



with orders to sail directly for New York; and 
there, embarking his forces, with all possible speed, 
to make the best of his way for Canada, to prevent 
as much as he can any notice the enemy may have 
of his coming, and with instructions to make use 
of the foresaid Sanders and the others, appointed 
to give him information of the country and places 
of landing and advantages ; to keep his soldiers 
from plundering, deflouring women, drunkenness, 
swearing, cursing, and all other debauchery; to 
proceed prudently, courageously, and valiantly, in 
the endeavouring to conquer Canada, till such time 
as it is thoroughly subdued, and then to return as 
shall be ordered and directed by his Majesty. There 
are other things to be added to his instructions in 
case he succeeds, which you will find couched 
among what follows. 

In case, then, that this design succeed, his Ma- 
jesty may please to appoint the bishop proposed to 
be sent over governor of New York, to be also gov- 
ernor of Canada, and every part and place thereof, 
as it shall come to be subdued, with power to con- 
stitute a lieutenant-governor thereof at his discre- 
tion, till such time as his Majesty's pleasure is 
further known ; with power also, to appoint and 
order all matters ecclesiastical, and civil, as shall 
be best for the setting that province in the possession 
of the English. 

Orders and instructions to be given, both to the 



NEW YORK IN 1695. 85 

bishop as governor, and to the commander-in-chief, 
may [be] these : — 

1. — That special and constant care be taken that 
the soldiers and seamen straggle not from the camp, 
nor plunder the country, burn houses, or destroy 
the corn, either growing or in the barn, nor the 
cattle of what sort soever, but that they preserve 
all things as in a country which it is hoped may 
come through God's assistance to be their own ; 
and, therefore, 

2.— All provisions, of what sort or nature soever, 
whether for man or beast, are to be secured for 
and given notice of to the governor and com- 
mander-in-chief, or either of them, that they may 
appoint what quantities thereof shall be sufficient 
for the maintenance of the army, or the prisoners, 
or victualling the ships for their voyage home- 
ward. 

3. — All prisoners are to belong to the King (slaves 
only excepted), to be civilly treated and used, and 
to be disposed of as the governor shall appoint, 
which may be after this or the like manner: — those 
who are of best quality, with the priests and other 
religious persons, to be sent home to England by 
the ships of war ; two hundred families of husband- 
men that are willing to stay, to be left and settled 
upon reasonable and encouragable terms, as ten- 
ants to those gentlemen and others to whom lands 
shall be given ; three hundred or four hundred fam- 
ilies more to be appointed for New York, where, 



86 NEW YORK IN 1695. 



if they are willing, they may be encouraged by the 
bishop to settle on vacant land, and in time may 
be converted to Protestantism by French ministers 
sent over for that purpose, and obliged to learn and 
use the English tongue and religion, and all the 
rest may be divided proportionably to each prov- 
ince, to be carried thither in the ships belonging 
thereto, where they may be encouraged to settle if 
they will, and, if it be thought for the weal of the 
province to encourage them, or otherwise to be 
sent prisoners to England in merchant ships, as 
opportunity shall present. 

4. — All the ships taken in the voyage thither, or 
in port there, to be condemned in the first English 
port they come to, and to be disposed of by the gov- 
ernor there, as is appointed by law in such cases. 
And all towns, forts, castles, houses, instruments 
of husbandry, as ploughs, carts, harrows, etc., and 
working cattle, as horses, oxen, asses — and all war- 
like provisions, as great guns, small arms, powder, 
ball, swords, bagonets, etc., and the whole country, 
improved, or unimproved, to belong to the king, 
and to be disposed of by the governor as shall be 
best for his majesty's interest and advantage, and 
encouraging their settlement of the province, ex- 
cept as in the article following. 

5.^ — All things belonging to religion and ecclesi- 
astics, as churches, monasteries, nunneries, with 
the grounds and estates belonging to them, as also 
the money, plate, books, and all things in them 



NEW YORK IN 1695, 81 

and belonging to them, as horses, cows, sheep, in- 
struments of husbandry, household stuff, and also 
the books found any where in other houses, to be 
given to pious uses, and to be disposed of by the 
bishop, and settled as shall seem to him best for 
the encouragement of religion in Canada, New 
York, or elsewhere, in any other of the English 
provinces; only to be excepted, that if there be 
any goods or chattels, whether money, plate, house- 
hold stuff, or other things proved not to belong unto 
religious persons or uses, but put there only for 
concealment and security, etc., they are, in that 
case, to be delivered up, and ordered by the bishop 
to be laid to the common spoil, and, as such, to be 
divided with the rest among the soldiers. 

6. — All other goods, not before excepted, whether 
money, plate, slaves, household stuff, or merchan- 
dize, etc., shall be gathered together and divided 
between the officers and soldiers, as is usual to be 
done in such cases; in which division the governor 
shall have an equal share with the commander-in- 
chief, and the rest according to their proportion. 
And, for the better and more equal division, it shall 
be appointed, .1st, That all men concerned in the 
service, seamen or soldiers, shall have part of the 
spoil without being defrauded or cozened thereof, 
2d, that the Indian goods, as duffels, shirts, knives, 
hatchets, etc., be particularly set apart to be given 
to our Indians as their part of the prey, and, if 
there be any overplus thereof, it shall be given to 



NEW YORK IN 1695. 



those who shall remain in the country to trade 
therewith, either with our own Indians or those of 
Canada, who, if they will submit quietly, shall not 
be suffered to be prisoners to our Indians, but reck- 
oned friends to us, as at present they are to the 
French. 3d, That every man, of what rank or 
quality soever, shall be bound to deliver up to the 
common heap all the spoil he shall get of what na- 
ture soever; and that whatsoever they shall find in 
houses or any other place which they cannot bring 
away, they shall not spoil it, but leave it undam- 
aged for the benefit of those who shall afterwards 
come to settle there ; and that whosoever shall 
offend in either of these particulars shall, by so do- 
ing, forfeit his part of the spoil, and be otherwise 
punished as the commander-in-chief shall think 
fit. 

7. — All the arms and warlike stores taken from 
the French to be carefully gathered together, and 
laid up in the fort of Quebeck, and other conve- 
nient places, and there kept in good order and con- 
dition, so as to be at all times ready for use. All 
places of strength and great advantage, nnd dis- 
abled in the taking, or any ways in need to be bet- 
ter fortified, shall be duly taken care of and forti- 
fied in the best manner that may be, and furnished 
with great guns and stores convenient for the de- 
fence thereof; for which purpose the guns and 
mortar-pieces carried over, together with any taken 
by the way, or in harbour there, or on land, with 

258 



NEW YORK IN 1695. 89 

sufficient quantities of powder, ball, etc., shall be 
left there, to be disposed of in each garrison as shall 
seem necessary. 

For the resettlement of this province the gov- 
ernor may — 

1. — Appoint a house and land and other conve- 
niences for the bishop, and houses, lands, etc. for 
the ministers out of those belonging before to and 
set apart for that use, with schools, a library, etc. 
as best may be done. 

2 — Dispose of the lands, houses, instruments of 
husbandry, etc. on such terms and with such pro- 
visions as shall be reasonable and proper for the 
King's profit, the landlord's advantage, the tenant's 
encouragement, and the clergy's maintenance; 
and that, first, to those of the soldiery from Eng- 
land, who, being married, will settle there and 
send for their wives over; and, second, to those 
who being unmarried, and of those soldiers or of 
the forces come from any of the neighboring prov- 
inces, and desirous to settle and marry there any 
of the French maids or widows (such as they can 
prevail with), to every man according to his qual- 
ity, place, and merit, and as shall seem best to the 
governor. 

3. — Send to England, desiring encouragement 
may be given to the French Protestants to come 
over and settle there with their families, which it 
is believed many of them will willingly do, if they 

12 259 



90 NEW YOBK IN 1695, 

be assured to have lands, houses, etc., given to 
them on reasonable terms, as it is intended they 
shall. And this is the method which I promised 
to lay down as proper for the subduing and resettle- 
ment of Canada; which, if it be not so complete 
as it ought to be, or not likely to be so effectual as 
I hoped it might, in the judgment of understanding 
persons, if yet it will serve but as the first lines of 
a draught, or a motive only to enable heads to do 
better, I shall not only be contented, but very glad, 
and not think that I have lost my labour. 

sou DEO GLORIA. 



MR. MILLER'S INFORMATION 

Furnished to the Commissioners jor Trade and Planta- 
tions, Sept. 4, 1696. 

"That there are about 3000 Families in New 
York and about 5000 Families in Connecticut 

That he was at Albany when the French came 
down that way in the year 1693. It was into the 
Mohacs Country, beyond Schenectidy. There 
were of them about 2 or 300, and as many of their 
Indians. The Force sent against them was from 
Albany much about the same number (English 
and Indians) under Major Schuyler, who speaks 



NEW YORK IN 1695. 91 

the Indian Language. Other forces sent from New 
York came too late. Major Schuyler's Order from 
Colonell Ingoldsby who commanded in Albany 
was that when he found he was near the Enemy 
he should fortify himself; He did so ; And in the 
mean time while sent out detachments who in 
several attacks killed about 30 or 40 of the French 
party, whereupon the rest fled and have not since 
returned. This was the only incursion of any 
moment that was ever made upon that Country 
before his coming away in June 1695. 

That the town of Albany is fortifyed only with 
stockado. There is but one Minister of the Church 
of England and one Schoolmaster in the whole 
Colony of New York. A Dutch minister there had 
instructed some Indian children. But the English 
in New York had not endeavoured it. There are 
many interpreters. 

That the Trade of Albany is chiefly Beaver. 
Formerly it may have been to the value of jE 10,000 
a year but is now decay' d, by reason of Warr be- 
tween our Indians and the French, not diverted to 
any other place. The burdens also of that Pro- 
vince have made 2 or 300 families forsake it, and 
remove to Pensilvania and Maryland cheifly and 
some to New England. 

That the presents usually given to the Five Na- 
tions are not distributed to particular Men amongst 
them : But in general to the whole. It is done in 

261 



92 NEW YORK IN 1695. 



the Governor's name as by order from the King. 
Their returns are in Beaver and Otterskins to the 
value of 20 or 40 £, Those presents of theirs are 
made to the Governor : He is doubtfull if not 
sometimes mentioned for the King. — New York 
■Col, DocumentSy lYy 182. 



262 




THE EXPLANATION OF FIG. 1. 



The chappel In the fort of New York. 
Leysler's half moon. 
Whitehall battery of 16 guns. 
The old dock. 
'I'he cage and stocks. 
Stadthouse battery of 5 guns. 
The stadt (or state) house. 
The custom house. 
8. The bridge. 

Burghers, or the slip battery of 10 guns. 
The fly blockhouse und half moon. 
The slaughter-houses. 
The new docks. 
The French Church. 
The Jews synagogue. 
The fort well and pump. 
Kllet's Alley. 

The works on the west side of the city. 
The north-west blockhouse. 
19, The Lutheran church and minister's 
house. 



20. 20. The stone points on the north sidfi of 

the city. 

21. The Dutch Calvinist church, built 1692. 

22. The Dutch Calvinist minister's house. 

23. The burying ground. 

24. A windmill. 

25. The king's farm. 

26. Coll. Dungan's garden. 

27. 27. Wells. 

28. The plat of ground designed for the E. mi- 

nistt-r's house. 

29. 29. The stockado, with a hank of earth on 

the inside. 
80. The ground proper for the building an E. 
church. 

31. 31. Shewing the sea flowing about N. 

York. 

32. 32. The city gates. 

33. A postern gate. 



263 



JFig:. 2. 



s 
The Fort inNew'york. 




THE EXPLANATION OP FIG. 2. 



The chappell. 
The governor's house. 
The officers' lodRings. 
The soldiers' lodgings. 
The necessary house. 
The flag-staff and mount. 

7. The ccntry hoxes. 

8. Ladders to mount the walls. 
The well in the fort. 

The magazine. 
The sallyport. 
The secretary's office. 



13. The fort gate. 

14. A horn-work before it. 

15. The fort well and pump. 

16. Stone mount. 

17. The Iron mount. 

18. The Town mount. 

19. 19. Two mortar pieces. 

20. A turn-stile. 

21. Ground for additional building to the gov- 

ernor's house 

22. The armory over the governors kitchen. 



Fig. 3. 




N 



10 





, / 




-; mil 
•H mil 


@ linn mil' 1 


Tar-iir- 


^ 






r Ipfl IB 






T| 




i[ li i/'iiiiiirn 




THE EXPLANATION OF FIG. 3. 



1. The fort of Albany. 

2. The Dutrh Calvinist church. 

3. The Dutx;h Lutheran church. 

4. The burying place. 

5. The Dutch Calvinist burying place. 



7. 7 The block houses. 

8. The stadt-house. 

9. A great gun to clear a gulley. 

10. 10. The stockade. 

11. 11. The gates of the city, six in all. 



Fiff. 4. 




THB EXPLANATION OF FIG. 4. 



1. The Kovernor of Albany's house. 

2. The officer's lodgingp. 

3. The soldier's lodsings. 

4. The flag-staff and mount. 

5. The magazine. 

6. The Dial mount. 

7. The Town mount. 

8. The well. 



9. 9. The centry boxes. 

11. The Sally port. 

12. 12. The ditch fortified with stakes 

13. ]3. The gardens. 

14. The stockado. 

15. The fort gate. 



Es.S. 




Tlie Indian Fori at y^ Flats,, 
3 



rig: 6 




E 



THE EXPLANATION OF FIG. 5. 



1. 1. The blockhouses. 

2. 2. Rivera running beside the fort. 

3. 3. Indian wiswams. 

4. The flag- staff. 

5. A centry box. 

6. The gpy-loft. 



7. 7 The sties for hogs. 

8. The blockhouse, designed for a church. 

9. 9. Those and others like them are houses. 

10. A great barn. 

11. 11. The treble stockado. 

12. 12. The fort gates. 



THE EXPLANATION OF FIG. 6. 



1. The block bouse. 

2. 1 he mount. 

3. 3. The stocks*. 

4. The Indian houses or wigwams covered. 



5. A wigwam open. 

6. Houses for the soldier's use. 

7. The fort gate. 



13 




1. The blockhouse. 



2. 2. The (■hiirch and burying place, 

3. The minister's house. 

4. The part separated and fortified. 

5. The Stock ado. 



THE EXPLANATION OF FIG. 7. 

6. The house where the governor is entertain- 



7. 7. The town gates. 

8. 8. The gates to the separate fortified part. 



NOTES. 



Note 1, page 26. 

HEJTRir CoMMONj Bishop of London, to whom Millef addresses his work j 
Was the youngest son of Spencer, Earl of Northampton, and born in 1632. 
After his education at Oxford, he remained abroad till the Restoration, wheti 
he became a cornet in a regiment of horse. Disliking the army, however, 
he entered the church. He was made Canon of Christ Church, Oxford, in 
1669, became Bishop of Oxford in 1674, and the next year of London, which 
see he filled till his death in 1713. He had superintended the religious edu- 
cation of the princesses Mary and Anne, daughters of James, and Was a 
strong upholder of the Church of England, against Dissenter and Catholic. 
During the reign of James, he was for a time, in fact, suspended, and hia 
powers vested in a commission, so that we naturally find him among those 
who welcomed "William. He crowned that prhice, and for a time enjoyed 
his favor, but lost it, as did all of the high church party. During Anne's 
reign, he regained part of his former influence. As a prelate, he seems to 
have been zealous and disinterested, giving large stims to rebuild chnrchesj 
and increase the income of poor vicars. In the aifairs of America, he was 
one of the first of the English bishops who took any considerable interest. 
He was the author of ^ Treatise on the Holy Communion, 8vo., 1677; EpiscO' 
palia, or Letters to his Clergy, London, 1686 ; Letters to a Clergyman, 1688 ; 
j1 Charge, 1696 ; Ninth Conference with his Clergy, 1701 ; Letter concerning 
Allegiance, 1710 ; besides being translator of one or two minor works, but he 
attained no eminence as a man of letters. By the Charter of Gov. Fletcher, 
he was made the first Rector of Trinity Church, New York. 

Note 2, page 28. 

The name of Long Island was changed to Nassau Island in 1692. — Laws 
Of the Colony of New York (ed. 1719), page 17. But the name never 
obtained, and it still retains its original and appropriate title. On De 
Laet's map appears the name Matouwacs. Early French maps call it 
the Isle of the Holy Apostles and Ascension Island. An English colony 
on a grand scale was projected here by Ployden, and a very curious 

2G9 



100 NOTES. 

tract written at the time, exalting the advantages of the island, has been re- 
cently printed, entitled : The Commodities of the Hand, called Manati ore 
Long lie which is in the continent of Virginia. Staten Island means Island of 
the States, and was so called in honor of the States General of Holland. 



Note 3, page 28. 

The Counties received their names under James, and nearly all refer to him 
and the Stuart family.. Kings and Queens were named after Charles II, and 
his Queen Mary ; Duke's County, now in Massachiisetls, and Dutchess were 
named after James and life wife ; New York, Albany and Ulster, represent 
his titles on the English, Scotch and Irish peerages, and Orange was named 
in compliment to the Prince of Orange, who deprived him of his crown. 



Note 4, page 28. 

The length in a straight line is only 13 miles from the Battery to Kings- 
bridge. 

Note 5., page 29'. 

The Stadthouse or Town Hall, was originally at the head of Coenties Slip, 
and was erected in 1642, by Kieft as a tavern, but in 1652, on the organizing 
of the city government, became the Stadt Huys. This house was the scene of 
some important events. Here, in 1664, the articles of capitulation were signed 
which became the law of the colonyj here too, the surrender of the colony to 
the Dutch again was made. It was made the first school house in 1652, and 
the first Court of Admiralty was held here in 1668. In 1696, a plan was 
adopted for a new city hall, at the head of Broad street, where the custom 
house now stands. This was completed in 1700, at a cost of near £4000, 
and the old Stadt Huys was sold for £920. This new city hall was that in 
which Washington was inaugurated president. 

The fortifications at the Stadt Huys in 1688, were " a half moon most ruined 
and washed away by the sea," with three demi culverins. 



Note 6, page 29. 

The Burgers Path was the present Old Slip. This too, in 1688, was stated 
to be " most ruined and beaten down by the water." Its armament was four 
seekers and one minion. The reader who wishes to compare the state of the 
fortifications further will find a full description of their condition in 1688, In 
Valentine's Manual for 1855, p. 551-3. 



NOTES. 101 



Note 7, page 29. 

Scanectade (Schenectady), is the Mohawk. The name means beyond the 
openings. It was given by the tribe to Albany, and retained on the division 
by the present town. 

Note 8, page 29. 

Nestigayuna. According to Dr. O'Callaghan [N. Y. Colonial Documents, 
IV, 184), " Canesteguine is laid down on Mitchell's Map of North America, 
1755, and on Sauthier's Map of the Province of New York, 1779, on the 
north bank of the Mohawk river, a little west of the Cohoes Falls, in what is 
now Sarataga county." Lord Cornbury [tb. IV, 968), says that it was four- 
teen miles from Albany in the woods. 

The Half Moon was fourteen miles above Albany upon the river {lb.). 
Colonel Romer, the engineer, in 1698 (lb. IV, 440, 682), represented the forts 
at Albany and Schenectady as wretched, and like Gov. Fletcher and his 
successors, urged the erection of regular stone forts there, and the restoration 
of the forts at Kanestigionne and Half Moon, as the barriers of the frontiers. 

Note 9, page 34. 

Wine. The culture of grapes for manufacture into wine, early attracted the 
attention of Europeans, especially of the Spaniards and French, who were prac- 
tically familiar with the proper mode of cultivation and the process of wine 
making. Full half a century before a plan was formed for colonizing Long 
Island chiefly to raise wine. Even in Canada, the missionaries inaugurated 
it by making wine of wild grapes for altar purposes, as early as the middle of 
the seventeenth century, and a good table wine was, it is said, made at Montreal 
not long after ; but the French government, with the jealou.sy usual at the 
time, prohibited the planting of vineyards and the enterprise was accordingly 
abandoned. Some French colonists in Rhode Island, also manufactured wine 
about this time. — N. Y. Col. Doc., IV, 787. Massachusetts sought to es- 
tablish vineyards at an early day, and Governor's Island was granted to 
Winthrop in 1632, on condition of his planting a vineyard there. — Young'' s 
Pilgrims, 152. 

In more recent times vine growing has been carried on with great 
success. The failure of imported vines induced the attempt to improve the 
native grape, and these have succeeded beyond all expectation. The Cat- 
awba grape and wine have acquired more popularity, and have given wealth 
and name to Nicholas Longworth of Cincinnati. In New York, the largest 
vineyards are those of Dr. Underhill at Croton Point. 



102 NOTES. 

In 1769, the government of Virginia embarked in vine growing, under the 
direction of Andrew Estave, but the experiment failed, and the lands and 
negroes were sold in 1776.— Hist. Mag., IV, 219, 

Note 10, page 34. 

From the enumeration of roots it would seem that the potato was not yet 
cultivated to any extent, and it probably was not for thirty or forty years 
after. Potatoes are mentioned as being purchased for the dinner on the inau- 
guration of President Leverett at Harvard College in 1707. — Hist. Mag., V, 
184. 

Note 11, page 34. 

The Dutch name for Shad was Elft, which also meant Eleven. Misled by 
this, or in jest, the early settlers called the Streaked Bass, Twaalf (i, e. Twelve), 
and the Drum, Dertien (i. e. Thirteen). — Benson, This gave rise to the state- 
ment here made by Miller. 

Note 12, page 35. 

Manufactures. New York early attempted manufactures, and at this 
time, traded largely in staves, cloth stuffs and hats ; but this spirit of enter- 
prise did not harmonize with English views. Lord Cornbury well ex- 
pressed those views in these words; "All these Colloneys which are but 
twigs belonging to the Main Tree (England), ought to be kept entirely de- 
pendent upon and subservient to England, and that can never be, if they are 
suffered to goe on in the notions they have, that as they are Englishmen, 
soe they may set up the same manufactures here as people may do in Eng-^ 
land, for the consequence will be that if once they can see they can cloathe 
themselves, not only comfortably but handsomely too, without the help of 
England, they who are already not very fond of submitting to Government 
would soon think of putting in Execution designs they had long harbourd in 
their breasts." — Cornbury to Sec. Hodges. Cosby, at a latter date, wrote to the 
Board of Trade in regard to the prejudicial increase of hat making (Letter 
of Dec. 18, 1732), and Smith (vol. II, p. 278) notes that "hats were exported 
to the West Indies with great success, till lately prohibited by an act of 
Parliament." 

Note 13, page 37. 

Rev. Henry SelYns was ordained at Amsterdam, Feb. 16, 1660, for the 
Church at Breuckeleu (Brooklyn). He olficiated there and at the Governor's 
Bowery from September, 1C60, to 1664, when he returned to Holland. De- 

2X2 



NOTES. 103 

dining an invitation in 1672, he returned to this country in 1682, on the 
death of Mr. Drisius, and was pastor of the Reformed Dutch Church in the 
city of New York, until his death in 1701, being the eighth in succession 
from Dom. Michaelius. He was a man of learning and a poet, and his reputa- 
tion was not confined to the Dutch nation and its colonies. He seems too, to 
have been laborious in the ministry. In the Leisler troubles, he, like most 
worthy men, incurred the hostility of the self-created governor. — O'Cal- 
laghan's Col. Doc, III, 646. As a poet, he is in point of time, next to Steen- 
dam, and Mr. Murphy states that a MS. volume of his poems exists. 

Note 14, page 37. 

Rev. p. Peiket signed the address against Leisler in 1690 (Col. Doc., Ill, 
748-9), and died in 1705.— Doc. Hist, of New York, 11, 247; HI, 250. 

Note 15, page 37. 

As to Saul Brown, Dr. Fischel kindly informs me that he was simply a 
merchant, who officiated for a short time as reader in the Synagogue. He 
came to this city from Newport, R. I., where he had a brother David, whose 
name appears in the petition to the Assembly of Rhode Island, in behalf of 
the Jews of Newport, June 24, 1684. — Bartlett's Colonial Records of R. I., Ill, 
160. 

Note 16, page 37. 

Rev. David de Bonkepos was a French Protestant minister, who accom- 
pai>ied the first Huguenot emigrants from France. He was the first minister 
at New Rochelle, but the industrious historian of Westchester county can 
give us no details as to his labors, and we know the fact merely from a letter 
addressed by him to Leisler. — N. Y. Doc. Hist., 11, 304. In 1695, he was, as 
here stated by Miller, on Staten Island, but the next year describes himself 
in a deed as of New York. — EoUon^s Hist, of the Church in Westchester Co., 396. 

Note 17, page 37. 

It is an extremely curious fact, that the Mr. Vesey, dissenter, " without 
orders," here referred to by Mr. Miller, should almost immediately become 
the first resident Rector of Trinity Church, a benefice to which Mr. Miller 
himself had laid claim. The Rev. Wm. Vesey was a native of Massachusetts, 
and if we can believe Lord Bellomont, the son of a Jacobite, who had been 
pilloried at Boston for his adherence to the cause of the unfortunate James 
II. William was graduated at Harvard in 1691, and seems almost immediately 
to have gone to Long Island, where he was at the time Mr. Miller wrote.. — 



104 

Doc. Hist. Ill, 265. When a body of church wardens and vestrymen was 
created for New York, they asked in 1695, the opinion of the Assembly as to 
their right to call a dissenting minister, and being sustained by that body 
called Mr. Vesey. Trinity Church was erected about the same time, and as 
Mr. Vesey was popular, Gov. Fletcher seems to have induced him to conform 
to the Church of England, and become Rector of Trinity. He accordingly 
proceeded to Boston, and was received into the Church of England, and 
armed with necessary documents, sailed for England, where he was ordained. 
He officiated for the first time as Rector of Trinity, on the 6th of February, 
1697, and continued to discharge the duties of his post for nearly half a 
century, dying on the 11th of July, 1746. 

Note 18, page 37. 

Mr. Mot was probably the Rev. John Morse, minister of Newtown. Alarmed 
by the act of 1693, which they regarded as an attempt to enforce the estab- 
lishment of the Church of England, and provoked at it, as imposing an un- 
just burthen on them, the people of Newtown, resolved that " the town will 
call a minister to preach the gospel amongst us upon liking." They accord- 
ing invited Mr. John Morse, born at Dedham, Mass., March 31, 1674, and 
graduated at Harvard in 1692. He officiated at Newtown, from Sept. 15, 
1694, till his death in October, 1700. His ordination seems to have taken 
place in 1697. — Rikerh Annals of Newtown, 126-131. 

Note 19, page 37. 

" The young man coming to settle in Westchester without orders," was 
Warham Mather. — Bolton^s Westchester. 



Note 20, page 37. 

The Rev. Godefridus Dellids, was Dutch minister at Albany, from 1682 
to 1699, and during much of the time, a conspicious cliaracter in the affairs 
of the colony. He came over in accordance with an agreement made by 
contract at Amsterdam, July 20, 1682, by which he was to officiate as assistant 
minister at Albany, for four years from his leaving Texel at 800 guilders per 
annum in beaver or 600 bushels of wheat. — MunseWs Annals of Albany, I, 
105 ; VI, 80. He missed the vessel on which he was to sail from England, 
and had to return to Holland, but finally arrived in August, 1683, when a 
subscription was made to meet his salary. — Ibid, I, 105. 

He did not seem to have formed much attachment to the New World, as 
in 1685, he accepted a call to Heuclem, and was about to return to Holland » 
but he evidently married and settled down, laboring not only among th« 

274 



NOTES. 105 

Dutch, but also among the Mohawks, of whom he was the first Protestant mis- 
sionary, and over whom he acquired great influence. 

Leisler found in Dominie Dellius, oue not disposed to recognize his au- 
thority. A letter of Father Lamberville to the Dutch clergyman, thanking 
him for an act of kindness to Milet a missionary held captive at Oneida, was 
in Leisler's eyes, sufficient ground for putting Dellius in prison, in 1690. — N. 
Y. Col. Doc, III, 732. On ^letting free he retired to Nevi^ Jersey, Long Island 
and finally to Boston. Sloughter recalled him in 1691. — Ibid, 772. Under 
Fletcher, he enjoyed great influence, and was employed to treat with the 
Indians. He availed himself of the occasion to obtain a grant of an immense 
tract of land, afterwards set aside as extravagant and illegal. The Earl of 
Bellomont at first regarded him with favor, and sent him with Schuyler to 
Canada in 1698, but soon after complained of him in the most violent terms, 
and brought such accusations against him that he was deprived of his church 
and ministerial function by act of the legislature in 1699. — Col. Doc, IV, 510. 

On this he proceeded to England, and subsequently, it is said, to Hol- 
land. — Annals of Albany, I, 88. 

His register shows many Indians baptized and received as church members, 
from 1689 to 1699 (lb. I, 96-101, II, 163-174, III, 61-82), the first being an 
Indian, aged 40 years, of the Ockkweese, Arnout Viele being sponsor. It 
was proposed to send Dellius out in 1705, as a missionary of the Propagation 
of the Gospel, but Col Heathcote opposed it. — Doc. Hist. Ill, 124. 

He was alive in 1714, and applied to the Assembly for some arrears due 
him, part of which he obtained. — Annals of Albany, X, 223. 

Dr. Dellius seems to have been a worthy clergyman, enjoying the esteem 
of his own flock, of the Catholic clergy of Canada, of the Episcopal clergy- 
man at New York, of the New England divines, as well as of the Bishop of 
London and his own Church ; and we must conclude Bellomont to have 
been prejudiced. The extent of Dellius' knowledge of the Mohawk, and his 
labors seems to have been, however, limited. 



Note 21, page 40. 

As Miller wrote while Fletcher was still in power, he makes no allusion to 
the piracies by which New York merchants of that day profited, yet the cases 
of Coats and Tew could not have been unknown to him, nor the part taken 
by the merchants in Hoare's cruises. As it was a time of war, Fletcher is- 
sued commissions to enable them to act as privateers against the French, but 
the real object was well known, and Fletcher's conduct led to his recall and 
to the appointment of Lord Bellomont with strict orders to stop all piracy. 
His attempt to do so by means of Capt. ^Kdd, and the piratical course of that 
commander are well known ; but the end was eifected, Kidd was the last of 
the New York pirates, and our merchants turned to less lucrative, but less 

14 375 



106 



NOTES. 



criminal investments. Au account of the whole subject will be found in 
Valentine's Manual for 1857, p. 455-479. 

A communication evincing much research touching the history and fall of 
Capt. Kidd, was drawn up by the Hon. Henry C. Murphy and published in 
the Democratic Review, between 1840 and 1850. 

Gabriel Furman, Esq., the editor of the new edition of Daniel Denton's 
Description of New Netherlands, 1670, was an enthusiastic believer in the au- 
thenticity of a report which obtained great currency about 1840, that nearly 
all the ill-gotten treasures of Capt. Kidd, which were supposed to be very 
large, lay at the bottom of the Hudson river, near Caldwells, a little below 
Peekskill on the opposite shore. 

He had amassed a large amount of material obtained from every accessible 
source, respecting the life and exploits of this famous outlaw, which he had 
intended to be given to the public in due time, but alas, alas, that grim and 
inexorable messenger, death, put an untimely stop to his useful career, as has 
been the case with thousands upon thousands of others, and will continue to 
be so as long as frail man inhabits this wandering globe. 



Note 22, page 43. 

Mb. Miller is here greatly in error. The States General of Holland in 1590, 
directed marriage to be performed by a magistrate, and the law was in force in 
New Netherland till the conquest. By the Duke's Laws, published March 1, 
1664, title Marriages, it was made lawful " for any Justice of Peace to joyne 
Parties in Marriage." See the title in N. Y. Hist. Society's Collections, Series 1, 
I 362. This has never been altered and is to this day the law of the state 
of New York. The rule of the Catholic Church which prevailed prior to the 
Reformation, does not require the intervention of a clergyman to perfect the 
marriage, the parties themselves forming the contract, and the officer, civil 
or ecclesiastical, being merely the witness thereto, and this is the law in New 
York. 

That bigamy prevailed we may infer from the fact that one of Mr. Miller's 
immediate successors, the Rev. Symon Smith, was presented by the grand jury 
in 1699, for marrying Elizabeth Buckmaster, wife of Edward Buckmaster, to 
Adam Baldridge.— ffisL Mag., VIH, 189. 



Note 23, page 46. 

The only Episcopal clergymen up to this time in the colony, if we except 
the Rev. Nicholas Van Rensselaer (ordained by John Earle, Bishop of Salis- 
bury, 1663-5), were the chaplains to his Majesty's forces. These were : 

1678-80, Rev. Charles WoUey, A. M. 1683, Rev. Dr. Gordon. 1684-6, 
Rev. Joslas Clarke. 1686-9, Rev. Alexander Innes. 1693-5, Rev. John Mil- 

276 



NOTES. 107 

ler. 1699-1700, Rev. Symon Smith. Rev. Brisac. 1704, Rev. Ed- 
mund Hott. 1704, Rev. John Sharpe. 

The establishment of the Church of England, however, dates from the con- 
quest. As the kings of England from the time of Henry VIII., united in 
their persons the papal and regal powers, the extent of ecclesiastical was 
conterminous with that of the regal, and where the sovereign was king he was 
head of the Church, and the Church consequently existed in the eye of the 
law. 

By the articles of capitulation of the Dutch authorities, in 1664, it was 
agreed that : " The Dutch here shall enjoy the liberty of their consciences in 
divine worship and church discipline;" but the English then in the colony, 
or those who might thereafter come in, could not claim any such privilege, 
nor Dutch or English claim exemption from the payment of church rates as 
established in England. 

New York from this time was deemed a part of the diocese of London, or a 
dependence on the metropolitan see of Canterbury. The Duke of York, 
however, as a Catholic, felt doubtless no especial zeal in establishing the An- 
glican Church, and if a chaplain of the Established Church attended his ex- 
pedition, his name does not seem to have been recorded. 

The Duke's Laws, promulgated in 1664, directed : 1. The erection of a 
church in each parish; 2. Eight overseers to be chosen by the householders 
of the parish, who with the constable were to choose two as church-wardens; 
3. Ministers to produce to governor, proof of ordination by some Protestant 
bishop or minister in some part of his majesty's dominions or the dominions 
of some foreign prince of the reformed religion. The duties of overseers 
were, among other things, the making and proportioning the levies and assess- 
ments for building and repairing the churches, provision for the poor, and 
maintenance of the minister. Subsequent laws directed churches to be 
built in three years, reduced the number of overseers to four, and at last im» 
posed a double rate in towns that had not made a sufficient maintenance for 
their minister>—DMA;e's Laws, New York Hist. Soc. Coll., 1, I, 336, 407, 428. 

In 1674, James, by an order of July 1, established a regiment at New York, 
with a chaplain, who was to receive a salary of £121 6s. 8d., " to commence 
from y'' time ye Soldiers come on board and to be paid at New Yorke, and to 
be estimated after ye rates of Beaver there." — K Y. Coll. Doc., Ill, p. 220. 

The first of these chaplains, the Rev. Charles Wolley, is the first clergyman 
of the Church of England of Whose labors here we have any record. He was 
the author of a Journal of a Residence in New York, published in London, 
in 1701, and reprinted by Mr. Gowans of New York, in I860. In the intro- 
duction to this latter edition. Dr. O'Callaghan has given the result of his labors 
to trace the history of the pioneer of the Episcopal Church in the city of New 
York. 

277 



108 NOTES. 

The place of ministration was the chapel in Fort James, and even this was 
for many years shared with the Dutch clergyman and his congregation; but 
from 1674 a regular series of Episcopal chaplains succeeded, as to whom, how- 
ever, we have few details. 

In 1677, the Bishop of London, whose jurisdiction extended to all the col- 
onies, complained of the neglect to establish a ministry in the various col- 
onies (lb., page 253), and the nest year Andros wrote: " The Duke maintains 
a chapline Virhich is all the certaine allowance or Church of England, but 
people's free gift to y" ministers. "-^76., page 262. 

This condition lasted till James' accession to the throne, the Legislature 
convened in 1683, which established freedom of worship, making no change 
in the state of affairs. In 1686, Dongan wrote; " The Great Church which 
serves both the English & the Dutch, is within the Fort, which is found to 
bee very inconvenient therefore I desire that there may be an order for their 
building another, ground already being layd out for that purpose, & they 
wanting not money in Store wherewithal! to build it." — Ih., page 415. 

King James found the machinery of the government in the hands of a 
party who controlled him and his successors, and the plan of actually estab- 
lishing the Church took a decided form. The instructions sent out to Dongan 
in 1686 differ essentially from those which emanated from James, as Duke. 
This Catholic governor, under a Catholic king, of a province where the mass 
of the people were Dutch Calvinists, was required to see that the Book of 
Common Prayer was read every Sunday, and the Blessed Sacrament admin- 
istered according to the Rites of the Church of England. No minister was 
to be preferred to any benefice without a certificate from the Archbishop of 
Canterbury, whose power in matters eccle.siastical was to extend to all but 
the collating to benefices, marriage licenses, and probate of wills, which im- 
portant points were reserved to the governor. — N. Y. Col. Doc, III, 688. 

During the two ensuing years we find nothing done, however, to carry out 
this part, the governor being doubtless not over zealous in the matter. 

Some most strangely have assumed Leisler's conduct to have been a struggle 
in behalf of the Dutch Church against the Established Church ; but, unfor- 
tunately, the documents all militate against this convenient theory. All 
parties were so unanimous in their denunciations of James and Catholicity, that 
no domestic clashings of Protestants appear, ^'icho]son, who alone represented 
the Church of England, retired. The council who claimed to hold the reins 
of government, were mostly of the Dutch Church. — lb., p. 588. And on the 
other hand see Leisler's Letters to the English Bishops. Leisler, though a 
deacon in the Dutch Church, was no friend of the Dutch or French clergy- 
men in the city.— iV. Y. Col. Doc, III, 646, n.; 651, n. Of an Episcopalian 
party at the time no trace appears in any document, and the only Epis- 
copal clergyman, the Rev. Alexander Innes, who had been chaplam in the 
fort from 1686, took his departure soon after the commencement of the 



NOTES. 109 

troubles, bearing, as Leisler states, testimonials from the French and Dutch 
clergymen. The Episcopalians must have been few ("Here bee not many 
of the Church of England" {lb., 616), said Dongan), or they would have 
organized as a Church, like the Dutch and French Calvinists and the Luth- 
erans. 

Leisler's acts were not recognized in England, where Nicholson had been 
regarded as lieutenant-governor, and Slougliter subsequently appointed. The 
latter was sent by the Dutch Stadtholder, as king of England, to rule over 
former subjects of Holland; but the power that controlled the Catholic James, 
controlled the Reformed Dutch William, and the latter, like the former, gave 
his governor of New York instructions to establish the Church of England. 
The instructions to Sloughter are a copy of those to Dongan, with the addi- 
tional injunction as to the maintenance for each orthodox minister. — N. Y. 
Col. Doc., HI, 688. 

Sloughter on his arrival made this an early object of his care. On the 18th 
of April, 1691, the Assembly, on the recommendation of the governor to in- 
troduce a " Bill for settling the Ministry and allotting a maintenance for them 
in each respective City and Town within this Province, that consists of Forty 
Families and upwards," sent to the attorney-general to draw such a bill. The 
act as framed, was read on the 1st of May, but, " not answering the intention 
of the house, was rejected, and ordered that another be brought in." — Journals 
of the Assembly. The explanation of this is, doubtless, that the attorney-general 
drew such an one as would lead to the establishment of the Church of England, 
in conformity with Slough ter's instructions . The death of the governor left the 
matter in this state, yet the subject was not entirely dropped. On August 23, 

1692, it was ordered that a bill may be drawn for the better observance of the 
Lord's day, and that each respective town within this province have a min- 
ister or reader to read Divine service. But Col. Benjamin Fletcher, the new 
governor, was a man zealously attached to the Church of England. On his 
arrival and at the first meeting of the Assembly he urged the settlement of a 
ministry. The house took it up reluctantly. On the first of April, 

1693, it was "Ordered that the Committee formerly appointed for the 
settling of the Ministry and Schoolmasters do forthwith proceed upon that 
business." — Journal, 30. But the session came to a close without any 
action in the matter, which drew out a sharp rebuke from the governor. — 
Smith's New York, I, 130. When the new Assembly met in September, 
he again recommended the matter in such urgent terms, that a committee 
was appointed on the 12th, and three days after, their report was read and 
approved, and " It was ordered that a bill be brought in for the establishment 
of it (a ministry) accordingly." 'ihe speaker on the 19th, brought in a "Bill 
for settling the Ministry and raising a maintenance for them in the City and 
County of New York, County of Richmond and Westchester, and Queen's 

279 



110 NOTES. 

County." It passed two readings, and was referred back. On the 21st it 
came up again amended, and passed the house, who transmitted it to the 
governor. The next day Fletcher and his council returned it with an amend- 
ment, requiring the minister, when called by the wardens and vestry, to be 
presented to the governor for approval and collation, but the house replied, 
" that they conld not agree thereunto, and pray that it may pass without that 
amendment, having in drawing of the bill due regard to the pious intent of 
settling a ministry for the benefit of the people." 

The governor replied to the house warmly, declaring that he had by letters- 
patent right to collate or suspend any minister in the colony {lb.), but never- 
theless gave his assent to the bill. 

The act of Sept. 22, 1693, obtained by so much endeavor, did not on its 
face establish the Church of England. It provided that a good sufficient 
Protestant minister to officiate and have care of souls should be called, in* 
ducted, and established within a year in the city and county of New York, 
one in Richmond, two in Westchester, and as many in Queens; 2, that New 
York and Westchester should each raise £100 for the maintenance of their 
respective ministers ; 3, that ten vestrymen and two church -wardens should be 
annually chosen by all the freeholders; 4, that wardens pay the maintenance 
to the minister in four quarterly payments. — Laws of the Colony of New York. 

We have seen that under it Fletcher claimed the right of inducting : the 
Rev. Mr. Miller, the writer of this tract, took a broad view of it. Consid- 
ering apparently that the act established a benefice or living, and that the go- 
vernor by his commission had the right of presentation, he, in February, 1694, 
demanded to be inducted into the parish of Trinity, but his claim was not 
acknowledged. — O'Callaghan, Col. Doc, IV, 182, n. 

The vestrymen and church- wardens were actually chosen, and seem even 
to have acted. In 1695, five of them, a minority, applied to the Legislature to 
know whether they could call a dissenting clergyman, and the Assembly gave 
it, as their opinion, that they could. — Journal, 58. April 12, 1695. 

Meanwhile the Episcopalians in the city of New York began, under the en- 
couragement of Fletcher, to take steps to organize, and build a church, and 
having secured the ground commenced the erection of Trinity. On the 6th 
of May, 1697, Caleb Heathcote and others, " present managers of the afiairs 
of the Church of England in the Citty of New York," petitioned Fletcher for 
a charter. This petition recites the act of 1693, that there was then no Church, 
that petitioners had built one, asks to be incorporated, and that the mainten- 
ance given under the act be assigned to the pastor, and a grant of lands near 
the church be given. — Doc. Hist., III. The governor on the same day issued 
a charter in the name of the king, though by what authority does not appear, 
which recites the act, assumes it to apply solely to the Church of England, 
incorporates the managers as church-wardens and vestrymen of Trinity 

280 



NOTES. Ill 

Church, declares it to be the only parish church, and then proceeds : "And 
our Royal pleasure is, and we by these presents do declare that the said Rector 
of the said Parish Church is a good sufficient Protestant minister, according 
to the true intent and meaning of the said Act of Assembly, made in the afore- 
said fifth year of our Reigne, entitled an Act, &c. ; and such we do further 
of our like speciall grace, certain knowledge and meer motion, give, grant, 
Ratify, endow, appropriate, and confirm unto the said Rector and his succes- 
sors forever the aforesaid yearly maintenance of £100." 

The rector named in this charter was the Bishop of London, whose income 
was thus increased by a tax levied on all the inhabitants of the city of New 
York, and this by a mere act of the governor against the intention and will 
of the Legislature. It would be curious to study the details of this transaction, 
and ascertain how Fletcher was able to carry it through, as he apparently did, 
without eliciting a protest from the members of the Reformed Dutch Church; 
"but the submission was to all appearance absolute, and though some of 
Fletcher's extravagant grants were set aside, including a lease to Trinity 
Church, in August, 1697, no allusion is made to the charter of Trinity, and 
hy the consent of the governed, the church-wardens and vestrymen to be 
elected by all the freeholders of the city, under the act of 1693, found most 
of their powers vested in the church-wardens and vestrymen of Trinity 
Church elected by the Episcopalians only. 

Dr. Berrian in h.is History of Trinity Church (page 13), is singularly inaccu- 
rate as to this charter. He says : "In the fifth year of the reign of William 
and Mary, 1697, \fy an act of Assembly, approved and ratified by and with 
the consent and authority of the Governor, a royal grant and confirmation 
were made of a certain church and steeple, &c." But there is no such act 
in the Colony Laws, and 1697 was not 5 William and Mary, and Fletcher's 
Hoyal Charter, is the only known charter of Trinity. 



Note 24, page 51. 

It would not be easy to give a more guarded and temperate account of the 
Leisler rebellion, than that here given by Mr. Miller. Leisler's conduct 
hecame a party question, and the popular party made him their great mai'tyr. 
Yet it is very evident that he was neither the champion of the rights of the 
people as against the aristocratic element in the colony, the champion of the 
oolony as against the mother country, nor the defender of the Dutch church 
-and its liberties, against the encroachments of the Church of England. All 
these grounds have been taken at different times, but the documents of the 
period show no tokens of such struggles as to call for any championship of 
the kind. Leisler seems to have been a vain, ignorant, ambitious man, 
■deluded perhaps in the outset, by a belief in the plots his fancy conjured 

281 



112 NOTES. 

up, but once in a little power, resolved to push, it to its utmost. Mortified 
at the treatment of the government in England which totally ignored him, he 
in a fit of disappointed ambition, resolved to resist the Governor actually sent 
out. He fired on the troops from England, and shedding blood, deserved 
his fate. Yet his execution was a political blunder ; it became the stock of 
a party which for years, by its triumphs and defeats, retarded the prosperity 
of the colony. His Life by the talented Charles F. Hoffman, in Sparks' 
American Biography, is almost a romance, and we must await the day when 
O'Callaghan or Brodhead shall write the history of New York in that day, 
as now revealed, to have the real history of Jacob Leisler. For our own part, 
we add merely these few data : 

Jacob Leisler was a German, who came out as a soldier in the West India 
Company's pay, in 1660. After the English conquest, he became a merchant, 
and acquired wealth. In a voyage to Europe, in 1678, he was taken by the 
Turks, and forced to pay a heavy ransom. In 1683 he was appointed Com- 
missioner of a Court of Admiralty , In 1689, he usurped the government ; 
In 1691, he was taken by Gov. Sloughter, tried, convicted, and May 16, 1691, 
executed. 

The Documentary History of New York, II, 1-250, and the Colonial Documents, 
III, 572-796, contain the chief materials on Leisler's reign. 



Note 25, page 53. 

The Rev. Peter Milet was a Jesuit missionary who came to Canada prior to 
1667. He went to Onondaga in 1668, on the invitation of and in company 
with the celebrated Garacontie. He labored here till 1671, when he replaced 
Bruyas at Oneida, and made this his missionary field till 1684, when on the 
breaking out of war, he proceeded to the camp of De la Barre. He was chap- 
lain at Fort Frontenac in 1687, when Denonville seized the chiefs, and re- 
mained there till June, 1689, when, lured out to attend a dying Indian, he 
was taken prisoner and with much ill-treatment hurried off to Oneida. Here 
be was doomed to die, but he was too well known, and too much esteemed. 
His life was spared, a matron having adopted him. In this condition as a 
prisoner he remained till October, 1694, a source of great trouble to the 
colony of New York, the Indians refusing to give him up or send him home. 
After his return to Canada he remained on the mission till after 1701. 

The anecdote of the Indian mentioned here by Miller is found elsewhere, 
the Indians frequently making the contrast as the Abnakis did in Maine, and 
the Iroquois in the next century in regard to Oswegatchie. 



NOTES. 113 



Note 26, page 54. 
The French colonies in North America, now represented solely by the little 
islands of St. Pierre and Miquelon, include on a French map a hundred 
years old all north of Mexico, except Florida, and a very narrow strip along 
the Atlantic. Its history begins in the unrecorded voyages of the Basque and 
Breton fishermen, the voyages of Verrazani and Cartier. Its first settlements 
were Port Royal, founded in 1604, and Quebec, founded in 1608. These 
colonies, were, however, neglected by the French government, which seems 
to have regarded them only as a field for the operations of the fisher or fur- 
trader, or the nobler operations of the Christian missionary. When an 
English force under Argal destroyed Port Royal in 1612, France scarcely 
noticed it, and when another English expedition, led by a refugee named 
Kirk, reduced both Quebec and Port Royal in 1629, the French government 
made so little efi"ort that she recovered possession only in 1632 of the ruins. 
From this point, however, the colonization proceeded more rapidly, checked 
only by a constant war with the Five Nations south of Lake Ontario, whose 
hostility was a necessary consequence of the friendship of the Hurons of 
Upper Canada, and the Algonquins of the St. Lawrence. The nearest 
Europeans to the Five Nations were the Dutch, who by supplying them with 
arms rendered them a deadly scourge to Canada. Had the French Govern- 
ment at all regarded the value of its colony, it would have purchased or 
wrested New Netherland from Holland, and thus have controlled the Iro- 
quois. Even New England, whose friendly Indians were molested by the 
Mohawks, would have viewed the step without alarm. But France lay 
dormant, till one day the Governor of Canada marching to reduce the Mo- 
hawks, found the English flag waving at Albany, and learned that the Eng- 
lish king had ordered his governor of New York to unite with Connecticut 
and Massachusetts in reducing Canada. The Dutch had, but from avai'ice, 
aided the Five Nations; with the English it was policy, and from this date, 
February 22, 1666, when Charles II first ordered it, for a hundred years New 
England, New York and the Five Nations were stimulated in every way to 
crush Canada. Religious fanaticism was evoked, and the extirpation of their 
Roman Catholic neighbors was made so completely a part of their religious 
feeling, if not religious creed, that it furnishes the key to most of the events 
of the succeeding centnry, and when baffled by the power which called it 
forth contribiated in no small degree to hasten the American Revolution, and 
still influences politicy and literature. But while England thus menaced 
Canada, France was not idle. She now, too, began to plan the conquest of 
New York and of Boston ; and from the date of the English Revolution 
of 1688, the Border war continued till the fall of Canada. 

15 283 



114 NOTES. 

M. de Callieres in 1689 proposed tlie conquest of New York, but the plan 
resulted only in the attack on Schenectady ; the next year Phipps attacked 
Quebec by sea, hoping to be supported by Winthrop by way of Lake Cham- 
plain, but the latter was unable to proceed, and Phipps repulsed, enabled 
Louis XIV to comraemorate by a medal the liberation of Quebec. 

The French then repeatedly invaded the territory of the Five Nations, and 
in 1701 hoped under Iberville to reduce New York, but in 1709 New York 
and New England, under Colonel "Vetch and Francis Nicholson, made an- 
other attempt to invade and conquer Canada, but the plan again failed, and 
the troops never took the field. In 1711, however, the attempt was again 
made by a land force under Nicholson, and a fleet under Sir Hovenden 
Walker, but Walker's fleet was wrecked on the St. Lawrence, and as before 
Nicholson's army dispersed. 

In 1745 the French retaliated by advancing into New York and destroying 
Saratoga. This led to another abortive Canada expedition in 1745-6. Still 
pursuing the plan of subduing the French province, a triple army took the 
field in 1755 ; but Braddock was defeated and killed on the Mouongahela by 
Beaujeu, and in New York the troops did not, even with their defeat of Dies- 
kau, make much progress towards conquest. In 1759, Amherst again led 
an army northward, but winter set in before be could enter Canada. Wolfe's 
victory at Quebec, however, opened the way, and in 1760, Amherst's army 
of English and provincials entered Canada in triumph, and the wishes of the 
colonies nurtured for three quarters of a century were gratified. 

The toleration which England granted the Canadians was quite naturally 
in the eyes of the colonists a grievous wrong. It contributed in no small 
degree to hasten the revolt of the older colony, and in 1775 an army entered 
Canada to wrest it from England, whom they had aided to capture it. Foiled 
then, America in 1812 again endeavored to accomplish her long cherished 
design, but having again failed, the flag she helped to rear above the homes 
of the French still waves. 

Note 27, page 57. 

The first proposal for an American Episcopate, of which we have any au- 
thentic record, was in 1672 or the year following. In one of these years, a 
resolution was taken by the king (Charles II) in council, to send a bishop to 
Virginia, and the individual was actually selected on whom the proposed 
honor should be conferred. Dr. Alexander Murray, who had been the com- 
panion of the king in his travels, was the person nominated to be the first 
bishop in America. — Dr. Hawks. P. E. Hist, Society Coll., I, 137.. 

284 



NOTES. 115 



Note 28, page 60. 

This union of the Colonies was a subject frequently brought up. It was 
one of James II's ideas, and William attempted it. The endeavor to unite 
Connecticut to New York is well known, and the appointment of Bellomont 
to Boston and New York was a reverting to the days of Andros. In the New 
York Colonial Documents, there is a curious summary of the reasons of the 
different colonies for opposing such a union. William Penn's plan of such 
a union will be found in vol. IV, p. 296. 

Note 29, page 66. 

The Iroquois consisted of five nations, Mohawks, Oueidas, Cayugas, Onon- 
dagas, Senecas, occupying the heart of what is now the State of New York. 
The Mohawks lay on their river of that name, the Oneidas, Onondagas, 
Cayugas, successively to the west, near their lakes, and west of all, towards the 
Niagara, lay the Senecas. These names, except the first, are corruptions of their 
own. The Mohawks called themselves Gagnieguehague, but as the tribe collect- 
ively was styled Ganniag«ari, the She Bear; the neighboring Algonquin tribes 
called them Maqua, the Bear, a name which the Dutch and English accepted . 

These five nations formed a league, and in their idea, constituted a complete 
cabin, hence the name fur the whole was Hotinonsionni, meaning "they 
form a cabin." 

The family of tribes to which they belonged was widely extended. On 
both sides of the Niagara were the Attiwandawouk, or Neuters, absorbed by 
the Senecas, beyond them, on Lake Huron, were the Tionontates, or Dinon- 
dadies, now called Wyandots, and dwelling in our west; still further on, 
were the five nations of the real Wyandots, of whom one nation and frag- 
ments of others were absorbed by the Senecas, and other Iroquois tribes, and 
such as escaped war and famine removed to Quebec. 

Some distance inland, to the south of Lake Erie, lay the Erie; east of them 
the Tiogas ; on the Susquehanna the Andastogues, or Susquehannas, called 
Minquas, by the Dutch. The Patnxents and Piscatoways, of Maryland, were 
apparently of the same stock, and so certainly were the Meherrin, Nottoway 
and Chowans, of Virginia. The Tuscaroras of Carolina, were the most southerly 
tribe of the family* unless we are to class the Cherokees as really belonging 
to it. 

* Mr Gallatin supposed this family divided into two groups, but he failed to identify the 
Sugquehannas with the Andastes, and had confounded these last with the Guyandottes, who 
were simply the Wyandots, both words being English forms of the name which the French 
wrote Wendat, The Iroquois origin of some of the Maryland tribes he had not observed, 
and we may hereafter identily some more of those in Virginia as belonging to this family. 
We possess vocabularies of the following dialects. 1 Hochelaga, 2 Wondal, 3 Tionontate, 
4 Mohawk, 5 Oneida, 6 Cayuga, 7 Onondaga, 8 Seneca, 9 Susquehanna, 10 Nottoway, 11 
Tuscarora. 

286 



116 NOTES. 

The five nations, or Iroquois, according to tlieir own traditions and those of 
the neighboring tribes, dwelt formerly on the St. Lawrence, as far down as 
Gasp6, Quebec, and Three Rivers. The Algonquins drove them back, and 
Cartier, in 1534, found their first village on the Island of Montreal, although 
some were still intermingled with the Micmacs. 

Of their history during the rest of the sixteenth century, we are almost 
entirely ignorant. The Mohawks, in a war with the Susquehanuas or Audastes, 
had been nearly annihilated. At the beginning of the seventeenth, we hear 
of the Iroquois through the French in Canada, the Dutch in New York, the 
English in Virginia. Champlain having secured the friendship of the vari- 
ous Algonquin tribes on the St. Lawrence, and of their allies, the Hurons 
in Upper Canada, hoped by active hostilities to drive the Iroquois to peace 5 
and in May, 1609, set out with a war party of Hurons and Algonquins to 
attack the Mohawks. They ascended the Sorel to Lake Champlain, and on 
the 29th of July, met and defeated a Mohawk war party, on the banks of the 
Lake. The next year the French and their allies, defeated another party 
on the Sorel, and for some years the Mohawks, deterred by fire-arms, seem 
to have held aloof. 

Meanwhile Champlain had proceeded to the Huron country, and in Sep- 
tember, 1615, joined an expedition against the Entouhonorons, apparently 
the Onondagas, and in October attacked their fort, but failed to take it, 
although Champlain built a tower to overtop their palisade. This victory elated 
the Iroquois Cantons, who had secured the friendship of the Dutch by the 
treaty of Tawassgunshee, in 1618. Obtaining fire-arms, they invaded Canada 
in 1621, attacked a French party near Mo'ntreal, and invested Quebec. A 
short lived-peace was concluded in 1624. Full of proud defiance, they con- 
tinued the war with the Mohegans, and in 1625 killed the Dutch commander 
at Albany, Van Krieckebeck, who had rashly joined a Mohegan war party. 

This victory made the Dutch henceforth neutral, and the fall of the French 
power in Canada gave the Iroquois time to deal such blows on the Hurons 
and Algonquins that they never recovered. In vain did the French, who 
recovered Canada in 1632, endeavor to shield their allies. The Iroquois war 
parties scoured the country far and near, spreading on all sides the terror of 
their name. Whether from policy or from accident, they rarely cut off Eng- 
lish settlers. 

In 1639 they destroyed Ehwae, a town of the Dinondadies ; in 1642, cut 
off the Hurons from the French, and defeated the Huron flotilla under Ahas- 
istari. The missionary Jogues then taken and led to the Mohawk. Though 
a party of Mohawks was repulsed at the walls of Fort Richelieu, the next 
year they led another missionary in triumph to their village. They also 
destroyed another Huron town, and cut off' many parties of Algonquins, not-' 
withstanding the skill and bravery of the able Pieskaret. 

In the summer of 1645, the Mohawks made peace with the French and their 

286 



117 

allies, at Three Rivers, and the French hoped by converting them to Chris- 
tianity to make the peace durable, but Father Jogues, the missionary, on 
proceding to their town, in 1646, was put to death. They plundered Three 
Rivers in 1647, cut off by treachery their great antagonist, Pieskaret, and 
completely ravaged the Huron territory. 

The force sent out by the League must have been very large. Every stra- 
tegic point near the French settlements or on their trading routes was occu- 
pied, and a large iirmy entering the territory of the Hurons and of the 
Attiwandaronks, or Neuters. The Hurons lost many, and deeming their 
frontier too exposed, abandoned Taenhatentaron and St. Johns. 

But the Iroquois, on the 4th of July, 1648, took and destroyed the fortified 
town of Teananstayae, or St. Joseph's, killing the missionary Daniel and his 
flock. 

After destroying the town of St. Ignatius, in March, 1649, they attacked 
the strong town of St. Louis, which after severe loss, they carried by storm, 
putting all to death, the missionaries Brebeuf and Lalemant expiring in the 
most exquisite tortures. An attempt was then made on the town of St. 
Mary's, but the Hurons made a stand before the town, and though defeated, 
the Iroquois suffered too severely to think of advancing. 

The Huron nation was destroyed; one tribe, the Scanonaerat and a part of 
the Arendahronon, submitted to the victors, and removed to the Seneca 
country. Fifteen towns were burnt by the inhabitants, who fled in various 
directions, some to the Tiouontates, some to the Eries, others to the Andastes 
on the Susquehanna. The missionaries with one remnant remained at St. 
Mary's, but in the spring removed to Charity Island in Lake Huron, and the 
whole Huron country was deserted. 

The successful Iroquois the next year surprised one of the Dinondadie towns 
and the remnant of that nation dispersed, a part joining the fugitive Hurons 
on Charity Island. The Neuters were completely subdued in this campaign, 
and absorbed by the victorious Iroquois, who carried them off, leaving the 
whole of Upper Canada a desert. 

In the following year they pursued the remnant of the Hurons and Din- 
ondadies, who abandoned Charity Island, the former chiefly descending to 
Quebec, the latter retreating to Manitouline, where after surprising an Iro- 
quois party, they were for a time unmolested. 

In 1651, the Mohawks nearly anniiiilated the Attikamegues or Whitefish 
Indians above Three Rivers, and blockaded that French town, killing the 
governor, Duplessis Bochart, who attempted to raise the siege. In an at- 
tempt to take the town, however, the Mohawks lost their great war chief, 
Aontarisati, but they kept up the seige and menaced Montreal and Quebec ; 
but at last proposed peace. 

At the same time Onondagas came to Montreal, as the Eries were waging a 
harrassing war on the western cantons. Peace was accordingly made in May 

287 



118 NOTES. 

1653. In pursuance of this peace a part of the Hurons on Isle Orleans 
removed to Onondaga, and the Jesuit missionaries began their labors in the 
Iroquois cantons. The menacing attitude of the Eries and Susquehannas 
induced them to invite a French colony, and Dupuis, in 1655, began a set- 
tlement at Onondaga which proved but of short duration. The Iroquois 
invaded the Erie territory with a large force led by Achiongeras, and after 
an obstinate fight took Gentaienton, a considerable town, slaughtering an 
immense number. A few subsequent campaigns caused the Erie name to 
disappear. The Onnontiogas, Ahondi, Atiragenratka, Gentaguega, Atiaonrek 
and Takoulgue were also subdued about this time or shortly before. When 
the overthrow of these various tribes left them nought to fear, the Iroquois 
plotted the destruction of the French colony of St. Mary's at Onondaga, 
and the destruction of the missionaries who had begun to labor in the vari- 
ous tribes, and the French escaped only by stratagem in 1658. 

In 1655 the Mohawks renewed their treaty with the Dutch, who were 
threatened by the River Indians ; and now firm in this support, renewed the 
war with the French and carried it on with vigor till 1667. At the same time 
they attacked the Abnakis who refused tribute, the Illinois and Dinondadies in 
the West, and the Susquehannas in the South. 

Stuyvesant in 1662 proceeded with the Governor of Nova Scotia, and New 
England deputies to Albany, to obtain redress for the outrages committed in 
Maine, but the Mohawks were obstinate. 

One Onondaga chieftain, Garaconti^, labored earnestly for peace and the 
civilization of his countrymen, and effected a general peace between the 
Western Cantons and the French in 1665. The Mohawks and Oneidas held 
aloof, continuing their war against the French and their allies. Tracy, the 
French Governor, erected three forts on the Sorel to check their incursions, 
atid sent De Courcelle to ravage the Mohawk towns; he did not indeed succeed, 
but his inroad in 1666 gave great alarm, and Tracy himself led another army 
into the Mohawk country which took Caughnawaga, Oct. 17, 1666, This pro- 
duced a general peace, the French missionaries resumed their labors, and by 
the powerful aid of Garacontie who became a Christian, gained many from 
heathenism to the ennobling doctrines of the Gospel. This mission begun 
by Fremin lasted till 1685, and its results still remain in the three villages of 
Catholic Iroquois in Canada. 

On the capture of New York by th« English, a new policy was adopted by 
government. NicoUs protested feebly in 1666 against the invasion by De 
Courcelles of British territory, but the Iroquois were still reall}' their own 
masters making peace with the French, war with Philip, war with Maryland 
and Virginia, Shawnee and Susquehanna. The war with the last named 
tribe began in 1661 and ended in 1675, with the overthrow of the nation, who 
became incorporated with their conquerors, forming a clan apart. 

The war of the Mohawks with the Mohegans began soon after the com- 

288 



NOTES. 119 

mencement of the war between the western Cantons and the Susquehannas. 
On the 18th of August 1669, a Mohegan army attacked Caughnawaga, but it 
was relieved by tlie other towns, and the Mohawks pursued the Mohegans in 
their retreat. They subsequently attacked a Mohegan town, but were also 
repulsed : the government of New York then restored peace. 

Meanwhile the missionaries, aided by Garacontie, were making considerable 
progress. His death, in 1675, was a severe blow to the missions. At this 
time, many of the Iroquois converts, and old Huron Christians in Iroquois 
towns, began to emigrate to Canada. Catharine Ganneaktena, an Erie, found- 
ed the village at Laprairie in 1668, which was soon visited by Garonhiague, 
or Hot Ashes, an Oneida chief, and Kryn, the Great Mohawk. Both settled 
there, the latter leading from Caughnawaga no less than fifty emigrants for 
conscience sake at one time. The village thus founded is now at Caughna^ 
waga (C. E.) and St. Regis. A second grew up at the Mountain of Montreal, 
which is now at the Lake of the Two Mountains. 

The Mohawks, after a battle with a portion of Philip's army, made a treaty 
with New England in 1677, and two years after with Maryland where roving 
braves had committed ravages. 

France meanwhile was encircling the Iroquois territory. A fort rose at 
Cataracouy where Kingston now stands ; La Salle erected a block house at 
Niagara and a fort in Illinois. The energetic Dongan, Governor of New York, 
took alarm and resolved to drive the French north of the lakes. Under his 
impulse an army of 800 Iroquois marched in May 1683 against the Illinois, 
Miamis and Ottawas, the allies of France. 

Their attack on Fort St. Louis led to a new war. De la Barre, the Governor 
of Canada, invaded New York with a large force, but after reaching Hungry 
Bay in 1684, patched up a sham peace, and made a precipitate retreat. The 
Iroquois had fearlessly awaited him, having just met in council the governors 
of New York and Virginia and New England deputies. After De la Barre's 
retreat, Dongan encouraged the Cantons to renew hostilities with the western 
French Indians, and made every effort to induce them to expel the mission- 
aries. The treachery of Denonville, in seizing some Iroquois chiefs at Catara- 
couy in 1687 and sending them in chains to France, was however the finishing 
stroke. The Cantons expelled the missionaries and prepared for war with 
the French, as they were already at war with the Illinois, Miamis, Hurons and 
Ottawas. 

Denonville, however, invaded the Seneca country with a large force of 
regulars, provincials, and Indians. The Senecas ambushed his path — a des- 
perate fight ensued July 13, 1687, between them and the Indians in the French 
service, who finally, though with the loss of Ogeratarihen and Tageretouan, 
Iroquois chiefs, and Gonhiagui, the Dinondadie, forced the ambuscade. The 
Senecas then retreated and burned Gaeusera, Totiakton and other towns, of 
all which the French took possession with all the forms of law. A fort was 

289 



120 NOTES. 

erected at Niagara as a check on the Indians. Though instructions from 
England prevented Dongan from pursuing his plans, an Iroquois army belea- 
guered Fort Frontenac, and a flotilla of canoes attacked an armed French 
vessel on Lake Ontario. Negotiations however ensued and peace was made 
at Monti'eal, June 15, 1688. The Indian allies of the French opposed peace, 
Abnakis attacked Mohawks at the Sorel, and almost at the Mohawk castles, 
the Caughnawagas took the field, Kondiaronk, the Dinondadie, by duplicity 
induced the Iroquois to believe the French merely plotting their ruin. 

Andros and Leisler both urged the Cantons to action. A large force set out 
and on the 25th of Aug., 1689, surprised the village of Lachine by night, butch- 
ering on the spot, or by slow torture, two hundred of the wretched iuhabitants. 

War now existed between England and France, and the work of Dongan 
in assuring the Iroquois to the English cause, was producing its effect. After 
destroying Lachine, Leisler planned the capture of Fort Frontenac with an 
Iroquois force. But the vigorous Frontenac had just returned to Canada 
bringing back the captive chiefs, and offering to negotiate. 

On their refusal he imitated the example so fatally set by Leisler. Lachine 
justified the use of Indians in destroying the English frontier towns. In 
February, 1690, Schenectady fell as Lachine had done. A terrible border war 
ensued. French envoys were seized at Onondaga, the frontiers were ravaged 
by hostile parties, an English Mohawk band under Schuyler advancing to 
Laprairie; but the principal operation was the advance of a large force of New 
York and Connecticut militia, and 1,300 Indians against Montreal, to cooper- 
ate with Phipps. Sickness broke out however, and four hundred Iroquois 
died in the camp. The defeat of Phipps completed the failure of the project. 

The next year Schuyler again led his Indians to the very gates of the French 
camp at Lachine and in a well fought battle on August 11, 1691, killed St. 
Cyrque, the French commander, but was utterly routed by Valrennes on his 
homeward march. This and the ravages of Black Kettle, a great Onondaga 
chief, induced Frontenac to invade the Mohawk country, and on the 16th of 
February, 1693, he surprised the three towns of the tribe. A Jesuit, Milet, 
formerly a missionary now a prisoner at Oneida, labored to obtain peace, 
Tegannisorens, Garakontie II and Oureware did the same. 

A series of councils and negotiations ensued at Onondaga, Albany and Mon- 
treal, and New England, New Jersey, New York and Canada alike sought to 
control the action of the League. As the Western Cantons continued the 
war, Frontenac, in 1696, advanced to Onondaga, which the natives burnt ; and 
wasting that canton and Oneida he returned without meeting an enemy. 
Heavy losses in the west coming close on this induced the Iroquois to ask 
for peace, which was soon followed by the general peace of Ryswick (1697). 

In this war, the first waged by tlie Cantons as English subjects, the Iroquois 
paid dearly for the privilege; in nine years their fighting men dwindled down 
from 2,800 to 1,300. They accordingly renewed their treaties with the Eng- 

290 



NOTES. 121 

lish, but made new treaties with the French, and when the English renewed 
war maintained their neutrality, as did the Catholic Iroquois in Canada. 
After much exertion, a force joined Nicholson's expedition, but again the 
braves of the League perished by disease. Schuyler who had urged the step, 
now took five chiefs to England, and induced them to join Nicholson's (1711) 
expedition, a failure like the rest. 

By the peace of Utrecht in 1713, France abandoned all claim to the 
Iroquois. 

The warriors of the League then struck at Southern tribes, the Conoys, 
Tuteloes, and their kindred Tuscaroras, but when these last were overthrown 
by the English, gave them a refuge and a place as a sixth nation, yet without 
sachems. The Choctaws and Catawabas were next exposed to their murderous 
war parties. 

The League was however declining, vices began to sap their strength, dis- 
ease and war had weakened them, no new nations could be brought in as 
vassals. The French had endeavored to christianize them, the Dutch and 
English had hitherto done little. But about the time when Miller wrote, the 
matter was seriously taken up. The labors of Dellius had been but partial . 
Lord Bellomont, the successor of Fletcher, made great efforts to establish 
missions, the Society for Propagating the Gospel joined, but no mission was 
really established till 1705, when Rev. Bernard Freeman took up his resi- 
dence at Schenectady. His labors were continued by Barclay, Van Driessan, 
and others, and an Episcopal Church formed in this canton. 

The increase of English population drove many, however, to Canada, and 
others to the banks of the Ohio, where the Senecas and Shawnees formed a 
town, and where the remnant of the Susquehannas appear, under the name 
of Mingoes. Unprincipled traders and land speculators had so oppressed 
them, that when war broke out with France, in 1744, the six nations abso- 
lutely refused to take up arms, and it was not till Colden had employed 
promises and caresses, and Johnson his rising influence, that they took the 
field, but as on previous occasions, when they joined English expeditions, lost 
fearfully by smallpox. Some raids were made by the Caughnawagas from 
Canada, and by the Cantons into that province, but the Six Nations met 
severe losses, and in 1747, again resolved on neutrality. They indeed lost all 
British feeling, and the colony of New York began to dread them, while 
nevertheless it refused them justice. The Moravians, next to the Jesuits the 
most successful with the red men, at this very juncture offered to found mis- 
sions, but the government would not adopt any plan for the civilization and 
due management of the Indian tribes. 

Availing himself of the discontent, Picquet, a French priest, in 1749, estab- 
lished a new Christian village at Oswegatchie, now Ogdensburgh, and soon 
drew numbers from the Cantons. When war broke out, in 1754, Johnson 
induced the Mohawks to join the expedition against Crown Point. In the 
16 291 



122 

battle with Dieskau, they engaged their kindred Caughnawagas, losing Hen- 
drick, their king or chief, and many of their bravest warriors. On this the 
Cantons again resumed their neutral ground, and did not again appear on the 
field, till 1759, when a thousand joined Johnson in the expedition against 
Niagara, and rendered essential service in the defeat of Aubry. A large body 
also attended Amherst the next year, but abandoned him after the fall of Fort 
Levi, as he checked their savage desires. 

While the Cantons themselves had thus reluctantly acted in the war, 
the Canadian Iroquois of Sault St. Louis or Caughnawaga, the Lake of the 
Two Mountains and Oswegatchie were constantly in the field. All now 
passed under the British rule, and the Cantons saw how blindly they had 
acted. Their territory was now to be swept away by the increase of the 
British colonies. The Iroquois plotted the overthrow of the English, but 
Keashuta the Seneca lacked the requisites of a leader. When Pontiac 
divulged his scheme, Keashuta joined him. The Tuscaroras drove the trad- 
ers from Fort Pitt and slaughtered them at Beaver Creek. The Senecas 
destroyed Fort Venango and every soul in it, then with the Delawares be- 
sieged Fort Pitt. 

Sir William Johnson used constant effort to save the rest of the Cantons, and 
regain those in arms. In a council at Johnson Hall, in September, 1763, the 
eastern Cantons took up the hatchet against the Senecas and Tuscaroras. 
Yet at that very moment the Senecas were slaughtering the English train 
near Fort Schuyler. As Pontiac's power declined, Johnson's influence pre- 
vailed, and in April, 1764, the Six Nations made a treaty with him, which 
was confirmed in a national council at Niagara; Keashuta soon after sub- 
mitted, and Pontiac's war closed by the treaty of Oswego in July 1766. 

Two years after, the king or head chief of the Cherokees made at Onon- 
daga a treaty of peace and friendship with the Six Nations. 

In November, 1768, Johnson, in the treaty of Fort Stanwix, agreed with 
Tyorhansen of the Mohawks, Canaghagueson of the Oneidas, Seguareesera 
of the Tuscaroras, Otsinoghiyata of the Onondagas, Tegaca of the Cayugas 
and Guastrax of the Senecas, on a line beyond which the whites were not to 
encroach. This line started at the mouth of the Tennessee, ran along the 
Ohio to Ki tanning, thence to the fork of the west branch of the Susquehan- 
na, along that branch to Tiadaghton Creek, then to the east branch, following 
it to Owego, then to the Delaware, and finally to Wood Creek. All other 
lands were surrendered in consideration of the sum of £10,460 7s, 3d. 

New England missionaries, especially Kirkland at Seneca, now attempted 
to convert the Cantons, and in 1770 the Society for the Propagation of the 
Gospel again attempted the work. The book of Common Prayer was re- 
printed. In Canada, Oswegatchie was abandoned and its people joined 
other villages, but the Tarbells, Groton boys, naturalized at Caughnawaga, 
finding themselves viewed with jealousy, had founded St. Regis in 1756. 

292 



NOTES. 123 

In 1774, Cresap provoked the western Iroquois to war, and Logan, of the 
old Susquehanna tribe, retaliated with fearful vengeance, till his power was 
broken in the terrible and well fought battle of Point Pleasant. 

When the American Colonists rose against the Home government, from 
whom the Cantons had received but favors, Johnson's dying effort was to 
bind the Cantons to the crown. All but the Oneidas, who were influenced 
by Kirkland, espoused the side of England during the revolution, and under 
Su' John Johnson and Colonel Guy Johnson, seconded by Brant, the real 
war chief of the Mohawks, proved a terrible scourge to the Americans. The 
Johnsons convened councils at Oswego — the Provisional government held a 
general congress at Albany, in August, 1775, the last in which the Cantona 
together treated with New York. But it failed to change the position they 
had taken. Strangely enough, the Americans succeeded better with the 
Caughnawagas, who positively refused to aid the English, and who, when 
Carleton threatened to deprive them of their land, laconically answered : 
We have arms. They subsequently even ofliered to send a body of warriors to 
Washington, but the hero was averse to employing Indians in the war, 
although Mohawks were actually in the field at St. Johns and at the Cedars 
against the Americans. 

In 1777, it was formally announced that the council fire at Onondaga was 
extinguished. Brant led the Indians to the siege of Fort Schuyler, and to 
the battle of Oriskany, where the Mohawks especially suffered. Those in 
Burgoyne's army proved, however, of little service. 

In December, 1777, Congress addressed the Cantons, as a last appeal for 
neutrality, but in vain. Johnson and Brant from Niagara, were hounding 
on the warriors to ravage the frontiers. In February, 1778, Lafayette held a 
council at Johnstown. There were few Mohawks or Cayugas, no Senecas. 
A treaty was made with the Oneidas and Tuscaroras, and profi'ered to the 
Onondagas. 

In June, Brant defeated Captain Patrick ; in July he cut to pieces a body 
of 50 militia ; and made Wyoming a scene of slaughter never to be forgot- 
fen. Col. Butler, to chastise this, destroyed Unadilla and Oghkwaga, but 
Brant took vengeance in the slaughter of Cherry Valley, and peremptorily 
ordered the Oneidas to join him. The Onondagas fluctuated till Van Schaick 
marched against them. Then they openly took sides with the English 
and joined in the predatory war. 

To check this. General Sullivan and Clinton in Angust, 1779, entered 
their territory, and defeating Brant at the Chemung, wasted their whole dis- 
trict, destroying Chemung and many other towns. All was now desolation, 
misery and ruin amid the fugitives who crowded around Niagara. Brant 
was however unbroken; he retaliated by invading Oneida, destroying the 
castle, church and dwellings ; and followed up the blow by ravaging Harpers- 
field, Schoharie and Canajoharie. 



124 NOTES. 

Sir John Johnson, with a force of Tories and Indians amounting to 1550 
men, soon after advanced to Schoharie, and after defeating an American de- 
tachment under Col. Brown, engaged Van Rensselaer, but was defeated in 
1780. The peace left the Iroquois completely at the mercy of the Americans. 
All but the Oneidas and Tuscaroras resolved to emigrate, and the British 
government assigned, first, Quint6 Bay to the Mohawks, and in 1784 a dis- 
trict on Grand River to all the Cantons. The American government, by the 
treaty of Fort Stanwix, October 22, 1784, confirmed the Oneidas and Tusca- 
roras in their possessions, guaranteeing to the others the lands in their actual 
occupation, on their ceding to the General government all west of a line be- 
ginning on Lake Ontario at the mouth of Oyonwayea Creek, then south to 
the mouth of Buffalo Creek, and thence to the north line of Pennsylvania, 
which it followed west and south to the Ohio. Brant was greatly opposed 
to this, and endeavored to form a great Indian union against the Americans, 
but the Iroquois made a new treaty with St. Clair, in 1789, at Fort Harmar, 
and gradually settled down to a state of peace. 

When the western Indians, following Brant's plan, began war in 1790, 
Pickering negotiated another treaty with all the Cantons except the Mohawk, 
which renewed in 1794, settled all questions in controversy. New York 
meanwhile, in 1785 and 1788, purchased the lands of the Oneidas, Tuscaro- 
ras, Onondagas and Cayugas, except a reservation for each. 

The last council with Pickering, in November, 1794, was attended by some 
of the greatest men of the League, Honayawus or Farmer's Brother, and 
Cornplanter or Gyantiwoha, who had both fought under Beaujeu, and Sago- 
yewatha or Red Jacket, the most eloquent Indian of his day. 

From this tiine the various Cantons have ceded most of their lands. The 
Cayugas began in 1795, and dispersed, some joining the Senecas, some going to 
Grand River, and others to the west The condition of peace led to some 
improvement. Brant among the Mohawks employed his time in translating 
the book of Common Prayer and part of the Bible, and till his death in 1807, 
labored for the real good of his countrymen. The Quakers, as early as 1796, 
began their civilizing labors among the Oneidas, and soon after among the 
Senecas. The Oneidas, already converted in part to Christianity, were 
rapidly becoming a civilized people. Among the heathen portion, who had 
now forgotten their ancient deities and worshiped only Hawen-niio, the 
Lord God of the Christians, arose the prophet Ganeodiyo, who produced a 
great reformation, especially in regard to the use of intoxicating liquors. 

In 1803, the Rev. E. Holmes, a Baptist clergyman began a mission among 
the Tuscaroras; and in 1805, the Rev. Mr. Cram of the Evangelical Mission- 
ary Society of Massachusetts attempted to found a mission among the Sene- 
cas, but was repulsed by Red Jacket. 

Tecumseh drew some Senecas to his standard, and in the war of 1812 the 
Canada Iroquois were very actively engaged, and rendered great service to 

294 



NOTES, 125 

the English cause. The American Indians at first sought neutrality, but took 
the field after a time, and the two sections of the League were thus carrying 
on the destruction of the nation. After the battle of Chippewa, both sides, 
however, laid down the hatchet. 

Onondaga was deemed the centre and head of the League. Each tribe was 
divided into families, the Bear, Wolf, and Tortoise, with subordinate 
ones not uniform in all the tribes. Each of the families had certain heredi- 
tary sachemships. The sachems were the rulers of the nation. They suc- 
ceeded in the female line, and the great sachem of Onondaga, the Atotarho 
or Sagochiendaguete, was the head of the League. No one could' marry a 
person of the same family, even though of another tribe. The rules on this 
point were very minute. They adored originally, Aireskoi, or Tharonhia- 
wagon, but learning the name Dieu, from the French, address God as Niio, 
which enters into the common form, Hawennii, God who art master. The 
worship of Aireskoi was by offerings of the flesh of animals, tobacco, and the 
like, and at times by human sacrifice. They honored also genii, or spirits, 
especially those of maize, pumpkins, and beans. Their worship had certain 
great feasts of the year, some, especially the Hononouaroia, marked by very 
strange rites. 

They interred the dead temporarily, and about every tenth year, collected 
all the remains in one long grave, lined with furs, and containing kettles, 
arrows, and various articles. These are the bonepits occasionally met in ex- 
cavations. 

Prisoners were treated with great cruelty, forced to run the gauntlet, 
mutilated, and often burnt at the stake. The invention of this savage cus- 
tom, and of scalping, was attributed by the Algonquins to the Iroquois. The 
dress of the men, was a mere breech cloth between the thighs, the ends 
hanging over a girdle, and that of the women, a short petticoat of furs, both 
wearing moccasons and leggins, and at times a mantle, and afterwards a blan- 
ket. Their houses were of bark, laid over a good frame like an arbor round- 
ing on top. These houses were ranged in streets, and surrounded by a 
palisade, beyond which lay their fields. 

Their numbers never, probably, since 1600, exceeded 15,000, if they ever 
reached that point, and are now about 9,000, which may safely be taken as 
their average population. 

On the restoration of peace, the Rev. J. C. Crane founded, in 1817, a 
Seneca mission that still subsists, the tribe dividing into a Christian band , 
under Pollard, and a heathen band adhering to Red Jacket, who persisted 
in his hostility till his death in 1830, although his family had become 
Christians. The Methodists established and still continue a mission at Oneida. 

In 1826 and 1839, the Senecas, or rather a few drunkards in their name, 
sold to the Ogden company all but the Tonawanda reservation, and the 
tribe lost 200,000 acres. This led to emigration. In 1840, 430 Oneidas and 

295 



126 NOTES. 

500 Senecas removed to Grand River. Others at an earlier date, settled at 
Sandusky, and were subsequently removed by the General government, 
west of the Mississipj)!. In 1820, the Oneidas purchased a tract on Green 
Bay, and a party removed thither. Among these Eleazer Williams, subse- 
quently the soi distant Louis XVII, labored as an Episcopal missionary. 

A party of Senecas, Tuscaroras and Cayugas, about 1846, set out for the 
lands west of Missouri, were imposed upon, and nearly all perished. The 
survivors returned heart-broken to New York. 

In 1849, the Senecas abandoned the old Sachem system and adopted a 
constitution with elective chiefs, and both sexes adopted more closely the 
dress of the whites. At the same time, the state authorized each tribe to 
divide the land held in common among the individuals or families. Pro- 
vision was also made for schools and for the education of Indian teachers at 
the State Normal School. 

The Catholic villages in Lower Canada have had an uneventful history, 
Caughnawaga, Aquasasne or St. Kegis and Canasadaga or the Lake of the Two 
Mountains, are quiet villages, where the Indians live much like the whites 
around them, more indolent, but possessing churches, schools and council 
halls. 

Note 30, page 68. 

Arnout Coknelisson Viele, the Government interpreter, figures frequently 
in accounts of this time. He was taken prisoner in 1687, by Denonville, on 
his expedition against the Senecas, and came on bearing a letter to Gov, 
Dongan. Having sided with Leisler he lost his office under Fletcher, but 
was restored by Bellomont and rendered good service. 



Note 31, page 69. 

Mk. Miller's advice may seem strange, but its wisdom seems to have 
been admitted. The Bible has never been translated into any of the Iroquois 
dialects. In the commencement of the last century, the Kev. Mr. Freeman 
translated St. Matthew, a part of Genesis and Exodus, and a few Psalms. 
This was never printed ; but in the Mohawk Book of Common Prayer, printed 
in New York, in 1715, Genesis I, II, III; Matthew, I (in part), II, V, and 
Psalms, I, XV, XXXII, appeared. The same parts of Genesis were reprinted 
with the prayer book at New York, in 1769. Not possessing a copy of the 
prayer book printed at Quebec in 1780, I can not say whether it contained 
any part of the Bible. St. Mark translated by Brant was printed with the 
Common Prayer, London, 1787, and reprinted at New York in 1829 ; St. 
John was printed at New York in 1818 ; St. Matthew in 1831 ; St. Luke in 
1833 ; Acts and Romans and Galatians in 1835, and Isaiah in 1839. 

296 



NOTES. 127 

In the other dialects no part of the Bible has been printed except St. Luke 
which appeared in Seneca in 1829. 

Thus not only no Bible, but not even a Testament has ever been printed 
in any of the languages of the Five Nations, the rulers of central New York, 
although the Bible societies of New York have printed both in tongues of 
far distant nations. See Dr. O'Callaghan's Catalogue of American Bibles, pp. 
26, 146, 201, 214, 228, 244-5, 263, and his History of the Translation of the 
Book of Common Prayer into the Mohawk Language, in the Historical Maga- 
zine, I, 14. 



END. 



1856.] 



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(Two Blocks East of Broadway.) 
CATALOGUES SENT GRATIS TO ANY PART OF THE UNITED STATES. 



" My days among my hooks are passed : 

Around me I behold, 
Where'er these casual eyes arc cast. 

The mighty minds qf old : 
My never-failing friends are they, 
With whom I converse night and day. 



My hopes arc with the dead : anon 

My place with thevi will be ; 
And I loith them will travel on 

Through all futurity ; 
Yet leavinjg Jiere a name, I trust. 
Which shall not perish in the dust." 

SOUTHET. 



" The world is in want of many kinds of Books ; some are requisite to pursue our studies, 
and some are requisite to indulge our amusements : and since there arc persons who, when they 
read only for entertainment, wish to meet with curious matters, and not unworthy of the curi- 
osity of a man of letters, it is proper that we should be provided luith Books, ivhich, without 
exacting severe thinking, or being devoted to trifling subjects, may readily afford us instructive 
recreations." Bayle. 

'^Pleasure is a shadow ; wealth is vanity ; and power a pageant ; but knowledge is ecstatic in 
enjoyment — perennial in fame, tinlimited in space and infinite in duration. In performance of 
its sacred office, it fears no danger, spares no expense, omits no exertions. It scales the mount- 
ain, looks into the volcano, dives the ocean, perforates the earth, wings its flight into the skies, 
encircles the globe, explores sea and land, contemplates the distant, examines minutely, compre- 
hends the great, ascends to the sublime — no place too remote for its grasp — no heavens to exalted 
for its reach." De Witt Clinton. 




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GOWANS' CATALOGUE OF 



AMERICAN THEOLOGY. 

ABBOT, JOHN E. Sermons by, with a me- 
moir of his life; by Henry Ware, Jr. 
8vo. pp. 412. $1 25. Boston, 1829. 

BEDELL, REV. GREGORY T. Sermons by, 
with a Biographical Sketch of the author; 
by S. H. Tyng. 2 vols. 8vo. pp. 559- 
602. Portrait. $5 50 Phila. 1835. 

BEECHER, LYMAN, D. D. Sermons deliv- 
ered on various occasions. Svo. bds. pp. 
367 $1 50. Boston, 1828. 

BELLAMY, REV. JOSEPH. The works of. 
3vols. 8vo. S3 50. New York, 1811. 

BEREAN (The). A Religious Publication. 
4 vols. Svo. bds. A Quaker Magazine. 
§5 00. Wilmington, Del. 1824^28. 

BETHUNE, GEO. W. The Fruit of the 
Spirit. Svo. pp. 210. $2. Phila., 1839. 

BLAIR, JAMES. Our Saviour's Divine Ser- 
mon on the Mount, and the practice of it 
recommended in divers Sermons and 
Discourses. To which is prefixed A Para- 
phrase on the whole Sermon on the 
Mount and two copious Indexes. 4 vols. 
Svo. calf. $10 00. London, 1740. 

BOUDINOT, ELI AS. A Star in the West; 
or a humble attempt to discover the long 
lost Ten Tribes of Israel, preparatory to 
their return to their beloved city, Jeru- 
salem Svo. pp. 312. $2 00. 

Trenton, N. J., 1816. 

BOWEN, NATHANIEL, D. D. Sermons on 
Christian Doctrines and Duties. 2 vols. 
Svo pp 471-506. $5. Charlestou, 1842. 

BUCKMINSTER, J. S. Sermons by, with a 
memoir of his life and character. 2 vols. 
Svo. calf. $5 00. Boston, 1821. 

BUCKMINSTER, J. S. Sermons by, with a 
memoir of his life and character. Svo. 
pp. 433. SI 50. Boston, 1821. 

CANNON, REV. JAMES S. Lectures on 
Pastoral Theology. 8vo, Portrait, pp. 
653. §2 00. New York, 1853. 

CHRISTIAN'S MAGAZINE. Designed to 
promote the knowledge and influence of 
Evangelical Truth and Order. Edited by 
Dr. Alexander McLeod. 4 vols. Svo. 
calf. $5 00. New York, 1806-11. 

CONE, REV. SPENCER H. The Funeral 
Sermon' on the Death of, by Rev. Thomas 
Armitage, D. D., on Sept. 16, 1855. 8vo. 
Portrait, pp. 67. 50 cts. 

New York, 1855. 

DANA, JAMES. Sermons to Young People, 
Preached A. D. 1803, 1804. To which 
are added Prayers for young families. 
Also Sermons on Religious Education. 
Svo. pp. 502. $2 00. New Haven, 1806. 

DAVIES, SAMUEL. Sermons on Important 
Subjects. To which are prefixed, me- 
moirs and character of the author, and 
two sermons on occasion of his death 
by Rev. Drs. Gibbons and Finley. 4th 
Am. Ed., with all the Author's Sermons 
ever published. 3 vols. Svo. bds. $4. 
New York, 182S. 



DEHON, THEODORE, D. D. Sermons on 
the Public Means of Grace, on the Fasts 
and Festivals of the Church, Scripture 
Characters, and various practical subjects. 
2d Am. Ed., with additional sermons 
never before published. 2 vols. Svo. 
cloth, new. $5 00. New York, 1856. 

D'OYLY, REV. GEORGE AND REV. RICH- 
ARD MANT, D. D. The Holy Bible, 
according to the authorized version ; with 
notes, explanatory and practical; with 
Introductions, Tables and Indexes. First 
American Edition, with additional notes, 
selected and arranged by John Henry 
Hobart, D. D. 2 vols. 4to. calf, very 
neat. $10 00. New York, 1818-20. 

DUCHE, JACOB (M. A.). Discourses on 

various Subjects, 3d ed. To which are 

added 2 Discourses preached at the 

Chapel of the Asylum, now first pub- 

lislied. 2 v. Svo. calf. $4. Lond. 1790. 

_" Duche, like Gallnway, a co-labourer in the early career 
nf the Revolution, was supposed to be a fimi supporter of 
the cause, and in consequence was appointed chaplain to the 
Continental Congress, but subsequently, from fear or some 
other less laudable reason, and so like many others at that 
time, put tiis haiid to the plough and looked back, and 
abandoned the cause." 

DWIGHT, TIMOTHY, D. D. Sermons by. 
2 vols. Svo. calf, very neat. Portrait, 
pp. 552-527. $5. New Haven, 182S. 

DWIGHT, TIMOTHY. Theology, explained 
and defended, in a series of Sermons, 
with a memoir of the life of the Author. 
5 vols. Svo. bds. $6. Loudon, N. D. 

Ditto. 5 vols. Svo. sheep. Portrait. 
$5 00. Middletown, Conn., ISIS. 

EDWARDS, JONATHAN. The Works of. 
8 vols. Svo. sheep. $10 00. First Am. 
Ed. Worcester, 1808. 

EDWARDS, JONATHAN. The Works of, 
with a Life of the Author. 10 vols. Svo. 
bds. $14 00. New York, 1S29. 

FOOT, REV. JOSEPH I. Sermons of; with 
a brief biographical sketch, by Rev. 
George Foot. Svo. pp. 600. $1 "50. 

Philadelphia, 1841. 

GREEN, ASHBEL, Discourses delivered in 
the college of New Jersey; addressed 
chiefly to candidates for the first degree 
in the arts; with notes and illustrations, 
including an Historical Sketch of the col- 
lege, from its origin to the accession of 
President Witherspoon. Svo. pp. 419. 
$2 50. Philadelphia, 1822. 

GRIFFIN, REV. EDWARD D. Sermons by. 
To which is prefixed a Memoir of his 
Life, by Wm. B. Sprague, D. D. 2 vols. 
Svo. cloth. Portrait. $5. Albany, 1838. 
One vol. a little water stained. 

GRISWOLD, ALEX. V. Discourses on the 
most important Doctrines and Duties of 
the Christian Religion. Svo. Portrait, 
pp. 472. $1 50. Phila. 1830. 

HAWKS, FRANCIS L. Contributions to the 

Ecclesiastical History of the United States 

(Virginia and Maryland). 2 vols. Svo. 

Half calf, very neat. Out of print. $10. 

New York, 1836-39. 



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HOPKINS, SAMUEL. The System of Doc- 
triues, contained in Divine Revelation, 
explained and defended, showing their 
consistence and connexion with each 
other. With a Treatise on the Millen- 
nium. 2 vol. 8vo. $3 50. Boston, ISll. 

HOPKINS, SAMUEL, D. D. The Works of. 
With a Memoir of his life and character. 
3 vols. 8vo. cloth. Portrait. $6 00. 

Boston, 18.54. 

HYSSONOIA, or Thoughts on a spiritual un- 
derstanding of the Apocalypse, or Book 
of Revelation, with some remarks upon 
the Parousia, or second coming of the 
Lord Jesus Christ, and an Appendix 
upon the Man of Sin. 8vo. pp. 829. 
$2 00. New York, 1844 

JAHN, JOHN. An Introduction to the Old 
Testament. Translated from the Latin 
and German works of, with additional 
references and notes by S. H. Turner and 
W. R. Whittingham. 8vo. Half calf, 
pp. 597. 64 00. New York, 1827. 

KNAPP, GEORGE C. Lectures on Christian 
Theology. Transl. by Leonard Woods, 
Jr. Portrait. 2 vols. 8vo. $5 00. 

New York, 1S31. 

KOLLOCK, HENRY, D. D. Sermons on 
various subjects by. With a Memoir of 
the Life of the Author 4 vols. 8vo. 
calf, neat. $10 50. Savannah, 1822. 

M'CONaUGHY, DAVID. Discourses, chiefly 
Biographical, of Persons eminent in 
sacred history. 8vo. Portrait, pp. 404. 
$2 00. Pittsburgh, 1850. 

M'lLVAINE, CHARLES (Bishop of Ohio). 
Select Family Sermons. A series of 
Evangelical Discourses, Selected from 
the most eminent divines. For the use 
of Families and Destitute Congregations. 
2 vols, royal 8vo. $4 00. Ohio, 1838. 

ONDERUONK, REV. HENRY U. Sermons 

and Episcopal Charges. 2 vols. 8vo. 

pp. 444-416. Privately printed. $6 00. 

Philadelphia, 1851. 

PALFREY, JOHN G. Academical Lectures 
on the Jewish Scriptures and Antiquities. 
Vols. 3 and 4. 8vo. cloth. $3 00. 

Boston, 1852. 

PAYSON, EDWARD, D. D. The complete 
Works of. 3 vols. 8vo. sheep. New. 
$3 75 Philadelphia, 1858. 

RAVENSCROFT, JOHN STARK, D. D. 
Works of, containing his Sermons, 
Charges and Controversial Tracts. To 
which is prefixed a Memoir of his Life. 
2 vols. 8vo. bds. pp. 682-575. $5 00. 
New York, 1830. 

SERMON, on Regeneration and Grace, by a 
Minister of the Protestant Episcopal 

Church. 8vo. pp. • 81 00. 

Baltimore, 1788. 

STEWART, HON. AND REV. CHARLES. 
Two Sermons on Family Prayer, with 
extracts from various authors, and a col- 
lection of Prayers. 8vo. pp. 394. $2 00. 
Montreal, 1814. 



STUART, MOSES. A Commentary on the 
Apocalypse. 2 vols. 8vo. cloth. $3 00. 
Andover, 1845. 
THOMPSON, CHARLES. The Holy Bible, 
containing the Old and New Covenant, 
commonly called the Old and New Tes- 
tament, translated from the Greek. 4 
vols. 8vo. sheep. $12 00. 

Philadelphia, 1808. 

Copies of this remarkable version ofllie. Holy Scriptures 
are now become very scarce. The venerable translator was 
secretary to the American Congress from 1774 to 1789, and 
died August 16, 1824. 

THOMPSON, CHARLES. A Synopsis of the 
Four Evangelists, or a regular history of 
the conception, birth, doctrine, miracles, 
death, resurrection and ascension of Jesus 
Christ, in the words of the Evangelists. 
8vo. pp. 2.54. $2. Philadelphia, 1815. 

TYNG, STEPHEN H. Sermons preached in 
the Church of the Epiphany, Philadel- 
phia. 8vo. pp. 307. $1 25. Author's 
Autograph. Philadelphia, 1839. 

WAINWRIGHT, J. M., D. D., &c. A me- 
morial volume, thirty-four Sermons 
by. Edited by his Widow. 8vo. Por- 
trait, pp. 565. $1 50. New York, 1856, 

WHITE, WILLIAM. Comparative Views of 
the Controversy between the Calvinists 
and the Arminians. 2 vols. 8vo. pp. 
536-532. $5 00 Philadelphia, 1817. 

WILLARD, SAMUEL (late Pastor of the 
South Church in Boston, and Vice Presi- 
dent of the Harvard College in Cambridge, 
in New England) . His complete Body of 
Divinity, in two hundred and fifty Ex- 
pository Lectures on the Assembly's 
Shorter Catechism. Thick folio, pp. 914, 
in excellent preservation. $25 00. 

Boston in New England, 1726. 

Hiis is, without doubt, the first miscellaneous folio vol- 
ume published in North America, and consequently a great 
curiosity. Any one making up collections rf early Ameri- 
can publications, this is an opportunity Jor adding a rarity^ 

WITHERSPOON, REV. JOHN. The works' 
of. To which is prefixed an account of 
the Author's Life, in a sermon occasioned 
by his death, by the Rev. Dr. John 
Rodgers. 4 vols. 8vo. $6 00. 

Philadelphia, 1800. 

WOODS, LEONARD, D. D. The Works of. 
Lately Professor of Christian Theology 
in the Theological Seminary, Andover. 
5 vols. 8vo. Portrait, new. $10 50. 

Andover, 1860. 

TRIALS. 

BLOUNT, WILLIAM. Proceedings on the 
Impeachment of William Blount, a Sen- 
ator of the United States from the State 
of Tennessee, for High Crime and Misde- 
meanors. 8vo. pp. 102. $3 00 

Philadelphia, 1799. 

COOPER, THOMAS, An Account of the 
Trial of Thomas Cooper of Northumber- 
land, on a charge of Libel against the 
President of the. 8vo. pp.64. $3 00. 
Philadelphia, 1800. 



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GOWANS' CATALOGUE OP 



FREEMAN, WILLIAM. The Trial of, for 
the Murder of John G. Van Nest, in- 
cluding the Evidence and the Arguments 
of Counsel, with the decision of the Su- 
preme Court granting anew trial, and an 
account of the death of the Prisoner, &c. 
Reported by B. F. Hall. 8vo. law shp. 
pp. 512. $5 00. Auburn, 1848. 

GREAT DIVORCE CASE. Most Remarka- 
ble Trial on Record. The Suit of Grace 
Ferguson against James Ferguson for Di- 
vorce, on the ground of Adultery, com- 
menced in 1844, and still pending, con- 
taining the evidence given on three suc- 
cessive Trials, with Affidavits, Pleadings, 
&c. Exceedingly rich and amusing! 
with the opinions of learned Professors 
of Surgery, Dr. Mott, Perkins, Francis, 
Wood, Gihnan, Cairns and Miller. 12mo. 
pp. 200. $5 00. New York, 1851. 

MAXWELL, HIRAM. Report of Case of. 
Decided at the City Hail of the city of 
New York, on the 3d February, 1823, 
with the Speech and Doctrine advanced 
by John A. Graham, LL. D., on the 
Practice of taking the Examinations and 
Confessions in the Police Office of Pri- 
soners charged with crime; together with 
the Letters and Opifiions of many of, the 
greatest and wisest Philosophers, Civil- 
ians, Orators and Statesmen in the United 
States.8vo. pp.71. $5. New York, 1823. 

NEGROES. Cases adjudged in the Supreme 

Court of New Jersey, relative to the 

Manumission of Negroes and others 

holden in bondage. 8vo. pp. 32. 65. 

Burlington, }794. 

OSWALD, ELEAZER. The case of the 

Commonwealth against — for a contempt 

of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, 

14th July, 1788, &o. 8vo. pp. 16. $5. 

Philadelphia, 1788. 

PENN, WILLIAM. The Remarkable Trial 
of William Penn and William Mead at 
the Old Baily. 8vo. pp. 30. $1 00. 
London, 1670. 

SELFRIDGE, THOMAS 0. Trial of Thomas, 
for Killing Charles Austin, August 4th, 
1806. A correct statement of the whole 
Proceedings connected with Thos. 0. Sei- 
fridge and Benj. Austin, 1807. Trial of 
D. Daley and James Hillengan for the 
Murder of Marcus Lyon; Northampton, 
1886. Daggett's Arguments in the Con- 
necticut Assembly, in the case of certain 
Justices of the Peace ; New Haven, 1804. 
And divers other irrelative pamphlets, 
some on Mystic Theology. 8vo. $5 00. 

SOAP AND CANDLE. The Case on the 
Manufacturers of Soap and Candles in 
the city of New York, Stated and Exa- 
mined. To which are prefixed the Laws 
of the State of New York, concerning 
Infectious Diseases. With an Appendix 
containing several Documents and Pa- 
pers relative to the subject. 8vo. pp. 
62. $5 00. New York, 1797. 



^ 



;SMITH, MADALINE. Trial of, for the al- 
leged Poisoning of her Lover. Pub- 
lished in the New York Herald, No. 
7640, August 2, 1857. SI 00. 

New York, 1847. 

TRIAL OF THE REV. ROBERT TAYLOR 
upon a charge of Blaspihemy, with his 
Defence. Portrait. The author's Ora- 
tion Refuting the Evidences of Christian- 
ity. Ditto Syntagma. Trials of W. V. 
Holmes on a charge of Sedition and 
Blasphemy. Defence of Mary Ann Car- 
lile. Thomas Paine Vindicated. Paine's 
Letter to the Citizens of the United 
States. Paine on the Cause of Yellow 
Fever, 1807. Paine on the late Procla- 
mation. In one volume. 8vo. $5 00. 
, Loudon. 

TRIALS. A Collection of; namely: Rev. 
William Parkinson, for an alleged inde- 
cent Assault upon Mrs. Wintringham. 
New York, 1811. Trial of Henry B. 
Hagerman, for an Assault and Battery 
with intent to Murder William Coleman, 
Editor of the Evening Post, 1818. Trial 
of Capt. Thomas Eastman by Court Mar- 
tial, 1815. New York Judicial Reposi- 
tory, embracing certain New York Trials, 
1818. Steam Boat Rights : A Vindica- 
tion by Cadwallader D. Colden, of the 
Steam Boat Right granted by the State 
of New York, 1818. One volume. Svo. 
$5 00. V. D. 

HULL, ISAAC, CAPT. Minutes of the Pro- 
ceedings of the Court of Inquiry into the 
Official Condiict of, at Charlestown. 
Svo. bds. uncut. $5 00. 

Washington, 1822. 

VERPLANCK, GULIAN C. Trial of Hugh 

Maxwell and others for producing a riot 

in Trinity Church, at the Commencement 

of Columbia College, in August, 1811. 

Svo. pp.11. §5 00. New York, 1821. 

r/ie defendants in this case were found guiUy. Mr. 
Verplanck was fined S200, Mr. Maxwdl was fined in a 
like sum, and another the sai)K, xvhile the others were fined 
in Slims varyirig from $bO to $iOO. De Witt Clinton pre- 
sided as chief judge. Michard HH er was p^vsecuting at- 
torney, and the defendants' counsels tvere J. 0. Hoffman 
and li. Bogardus. 

WHEELING AND BELMONT BRIDGE COM- 
PANY. Order of Reference of the Su- 
preme Court of the United States, in 
the case of the State of Pennsylvania, 
complainant, against the Wheeling and 
Belmont Bridge Company and others, 
defendants; with proofs taken before R. 
Hyde Walworth, commissioner, together 
with his Report and the Report of the 
Engineer. Seven Maps and Plates. Svo. 
pp. 774. $5 00. Saratoga, N. Y., 1854. 

YORK, WM. BROADER. The Case; Com- 
mander of the British Barque Aldebard 
of Liverpool, containing the Proceedings 
before his Honor George W. Lewis, Re- 
corder of the city of New Orleans; also 
the Trial of the Rule, &c., &c. Svo. 
pp. 62. $5 00. New Orleans, 1845. 



■m 




8. 30 cents. 

CHAPMAN, M. 
Poems. 
• $1 50. 
COFFIN, ROBERT 



I. 

12mo. 



AMERICAN POETRY. 



PROGRESS. A Satire by Jolin G. Saxe, 
1847. The World ; a Poem by Miss Ann 
Page, 1842. Poem by Granville Mellin, 
1839. Tobacco ; a Satire by a Non- 
Sacker, 1859. Our State; a Poem by 
A. B. Street, 1849. The Age; a Satire, 
N. D. Oufalissa; a Tradition of Seneca 
Lake, N. D. Vision of Liberty by Henry 
Ware, 1824. Pleasures of Poverty ; a 
Poem by S. Southwark. Title lost. All 
bound in one volume, 8vo. Half mo- 
rocco, very neat. §3 GO. Dates as above. 

BOURNE, SILVANUS. The Dangers of Vice. 
A Poetical Fragment, bv a gentleman for- 
merly of Boston. 4to.' pp. 16. ^5 00. 
Unique, Columbia, 1789. 

BURGOYNE, GENERAL. The Lamentations 
of, after he became the Prisoner of the 
Rebels (.4 Satirical Poem). 18mo. pp. 
Sine Loco, Sine Anno 

Barbadoes and other 
calf, neat. pp. 220. 
London, 1833. 
S. Oriental Harp. 
Poems of the Boston Bard. 8vo. pp. 
254. Half bound in morocco. $5 00. 
Providence, R. L, 1826. 
COOK, PHILIP PENDLETON. Froissart 
Ballads and other Poems. 12mo. pp. 
216. $1 00. Philadelphia, 1847 

CROW, WILLIAM. The Banks of the Hud- 
son ; a Poem, descriptive of Rural Scen- 
ery. Manners and Customs in the United 
States of America. 12mo. pp. 108. 
bds. uncut, §5 00. Leith, 1821. 

CROAKER, CROAKER & CO., and CROAKER 
JR. A collection of Satirical Poems, 
published in the Evening Post. First 
collected edition. 18mo. pp.36. $5 00. 
Newr York, 1819. 
The Pleasures of Reli- 
24mo. pp. 72. $1 00. 
New York, 1832. 
DOANE, GEORGE W. (Bishop of New Jer- 
sey). Songs by the Way ; with Trans- 
lations and Imitations. 12mo. pp. 154. 
Half morocco, gilt edge. $3 50. 

New York, 1824. 
DUGANNE, AUGUSTINE J. H. The Poet- 
ical Works of. 8vo. Portrait, pp. 407. 
$4 00. Philadelphia, 1855. 

EMERSON, RALPH WALDO. The Trans- 
cendental Philosopher. Poem by. 12mo. 
pp. 200. §2 00. London, 1847. 

EVANS, NATHANIEL, A. M. Poems on 
several Occasions; with some ^ther com- 
positions. 8vo. pp. 184. $5 00. 

Philadelphia, 1772. 

Evans was bm-n in Philadelphia, June, 1742. On com- 
pleting his education ha went to England, and was or- 
dained a preacher qf the, gospel by the Bishop of London. 
He returned to his native country, 1765, commissioned as a 
missionary for New Jersey, where lie labored for a short 
time. He died in 1767. He was the author of a volume 
of poems and several sermons. 



DE WITT, SUSAN 
gion. A poem. 



FAIRFIELD, SUMNER L. Abaddon, the 
Spirit of Destruction, and other Poems. 
To which is added sketches in prose, 
viz : The Young Poets of Britai n and 
John Howard Payne. 8vo. pp. 157. 
81 cents. ' New York, 1830. 

FAIRFIELD, SUMNER L. The Last Night 
of Pompeii. A Poem ; and Lavs and 
Legends. 8vo. pp. 309. §1 00. 

New York, 1832. 

GILES, MISS DAPHNE S. A Collection of 
Scriptural and Miscellaneous Poems. 
18mo. pp. 172. $1 00. 

Ann Arbor, Mich., 1845. 

GODFREY, THOMAS. The Court of Fancy. 
A poem. 4to. pp. 24. §10 00 

Philadelphia, 1762. 

GODFREY, THOMAS. Juvenal : Poems on 
various subjects, with the Prince of Par- 
thia ; a Tragedy. To which is prefixed 
some account of the Author and his 
Writings. 4to. pp. 249. $25 00. 

Philadelphia, 1765. 

Thomas Godfrey was born in Philadelphia, 1736. In 
early life he was by profession a xoatchmaler, he after- 
wards became a soldier, and was one of the expedition 
against Fbrt DuQuesne ; he afterwards emigrated to North 
Carolina, where he wrote his Tragedy of the Prince of Par- 
thia, and szdisequently returned to Philadelphia, and after 
some time tuent to New Providence, and thence returned to 
Nortli Carolina, where he died of fever, August, 1763, in 
the 21th year of his age. 

He has the honor of having been the first to have written 
a tragedy in the Ehglish Provinces of Nortli America. 
The whole of his literary worl-s appear to consist in the 
above mentioned books, both of which have become more 
than scarce. 

GRAINGER, JAMES. The Sugar Cane. A 
Poem in Four Books, with copious Notes, 
and a view of a full-grown Sugar-Caue. 
pp. 167. London, 1764. Poems ; *• by 
a young nobleman, on the State of Eng- 
land, and the once flourishing City of 
London. In a Poetical Epistle from an 
American Traveler, dated from the Ruin- 
ous Portico of St. Paul's in the year 2199. 
To a friend settled in Boston, the Me- 
tropolis of the Western Empire. Second 
edition, pp. 60. With other poems ; 
bound in one volume. 4to. $5 00. 

London, V. D. 

This poetical prophet, appears to have anticipated 
Baron Macauley in his predictions anent the downfall and 
desolation of London, the modern Babylon. The first may 
be baptised the modern Jeremiah, while the second be styled 
Isaiah the Second, whose pen, if not his lip, has been 
touched with the inspiration of genius ; a m,use who has 
had Vie power to fascinate his race, and draw homagefrom 
nun of all tongues, climes, colors and creeds; who like the 
Soman lyric poet has erected to himself a monument 
more lasting than brass and more durable than marble, 
ivhich time alone can destroy. 

HALLECK, FITZ GREENE. Fanny (a Poem). 
8vo. pp. 49. Half bound in red moroc- 
co, very neat. $6 00. New York, 1819. 

Tliis is the original edition of the most celebrated of all 
American Poems. Tlie text I have been informed, by a 
competent collater, is essentially different from- all subse- 
quent editions ; and what add.s to the value of this copy is, 
that it has the names qfthe characters introduced into the 
poem, which have been left blank with the exception of the 
initials, filled up with pencil by some former owner, there- 
by giving a complete key to the whole story.— Western Me- 
morabilia. 

The gifted author while on his European tour, called on 
some bookseller in one qf the principal cities of Scotland. 
While engaged in conversation or looking over the stock qf 
the bookseller, he asked him if there ivas anything new in 
the literary world. The bookseller immediately presented 



=5^ 



GOWANS' CATALOGUE OF 



him with a reprint, of a new pnem just publi&hed^ and had 
proved quite pripular. This little poem turned out tn be 
Fanny. Western Memorabilia 



KITTELL, SAMUEL. Specimens of Ameri 
can Poetry, with critical and biographical 
notices. 3 vols. 12mo. §3 75. 

Boston, 1839 

This collodion nnljraces specimens of the poetry qf 188 
American roets. tieoinninii with Cotton Mather and ending 
™jj' "^- <'• Whittier. A catalogue of American Foels is 
added as an Appendix, not named in the title page. 

LAWRENCE, JONATHAN, .IR. A selection 
from the writings of the late. 12mo. pp. 
177. Primtely printed. $1 50. 

New York, 1833. 

LOFLAND, DR. JOHN (the Milfoid Bard). 
The Poetical and Prose Writings of, con- 
sisting of Sketches in Poetry and Prose, 
with a portrait of the Author, and a 
sketch of his Life. Collected and ar- 
ranged by J. N. McJilton, A. M. 8vo 
pp. 597. $3 00. Baltimore, 1853. 

MACK, ROBERT. Kyle Stuart, with other 
Poems. 12mo. pp. 212. $1 00. 

Columbia, T., 1834. 

M'JILTON. Poems. 12mo. pp. 360. $1 00. 

Boston, 1846. 

MOORE, CLEMENT C. Poems. 12mo. pp. 
216. $5 00 New York, 1844. 

This book was privaiety printed for distribution among 
the author's friends only, and of course never intended to 
be sold. The book in consequence is very difficult to be pro- 
cured. That world renowned poem entitled "A Visit from 
St. Nicholas," was tJie production of this gifted and amia- 
ble citizen ; a poem which will carry his name down to 
posterity and on every returning Christmas, gladden the 
hearts of thousands (?/ laughing-faced juveniles. 0, envia- 
ble reputation. 

PAULDING, J. K. The Lay of the Scottish 
Fiddle. A Poem in five cantos. Sup- 
posed to bo written by W S , 

Esq. 1st Am. from the 4th Edinb. Ed. 
12mo. pp. 238. $1 50. Loudon, 1814. 
PAULDING, JAMES K. The Backwoodsman. 
A poem. 12mo. pp. 248. $2 00 

Philadelphia, 1818. 
PILSBURY, AMOS. The Sacred Songster ; 
or a collection of Hymns and Spiritual 
Songs. 18mo. pp. 252. $1 00. 

Columbia, S. C, 1828. 
POE, EDGAR A. The Raven and other 
Poems. 12mo. cloth. $1 00. 

London, 1846. 
POEMS. Dr. Armstrong's Art of Preserving 
Health. Night : a Sacred Poem. Death: 
a Poem by Bishop Porteus. Phil., 1773 
The Grave : a Poem by Robert Blair. 
Boston, 1772. Gray's Elegy in a Country 
Church Yard. The three last named 
Poems are doubtless the first American Edi- 
tions. $3 00. 
RAY, WILLIAM. Poems, on various sub- 
jects: religious, moral, sentimental and 
humorous, with a brief sketch of the 
Author's life, and his captivity and suf- 
ferings among the Barbarians. 18mo. 
pp. 252. $2 00. New York, 1826. 

SHAKERS. Some Hnes in verse about. Not 
published by authority of the Society so 
called, 8vo. pp. 56. $1 00. 

New York, 1846. 



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SAMPSON, .JOSEPH, A. H. Remains of, 

who died at New Lebanon, 12 mo. 14, 

182.'i, aged 20 years. 18mo. pp. 59. 

$100. Rochester, N.Y., 1827. 

These remains are made up of poetical effusions. 

TRUMBULL, JOHN. The PoeticalWorks of. 
2 vols. 8vo. Half morocco. $6 00. 

Hartford, 1840. 

TRUMBULL, JOHN. M'Fingal. A Modern 

Epic Poem, in four cantos. The fifth 

edition, with explanatory notes. 8vo. 

pp. 142. uncut. §2 00. London, 1792. 

The Introduction and Notes to this, the fifth edition of 
M'Fingal, is by Joel Baxlotv, author of the'Ckilumbiad. 

VAIL, JOHN COOPER. Poems by. 8vo. 
pp.156. $150. New York, 1851. 

WHEATLEY, PHILLIS (Negro servant to 
Mr. John Wheatley of Boston, in New 
England). Poems on various subjects, 
religious and moral. 12mo. pp. 124. 
$3 00. London, 1773. 

WHEATLEY, PHILLIS. Jin African by 
birth, an American by circumstances, a 
Slave by compulsion and a Poet by nature. 
Poems on various subjects. Religious and 
Moral, dedicated to the Countess of Hunt- 
ingdon. 18mo. pp. 86. 65 00. 

Walpole, N. H., 1802. 

This edition is much scarcer than the original Boston 
edition if 1770. That editinnhad a portrait, tliis appears 
to havp had none. T he title page is somewhat damaged. 

ThoiiKis.Trft'crson sneered at thcproduction of the African 
Sai)}>hn, tiii/'l/iis is ivliaf miglit have been expected from a 
man broKii/it up and educated as he was. -/\o daveholder 
ever yet looked, upon any production by an African as tlie 
result of intellectual effort. But on the ot/ier hand the 
Abbe Gregorie awarded her great credit for her poetical 
productions. The Abbe was doubtless the least prejudiced 
of the two critics. 

WINTER DISPLAYED. A Poem Describing 
the Seasons and all its vicissitudes, and 
occasionally interspersed with a variety 
of Moral and Sentimental Remarks. 8vo. 
pp. 40. By an American. 

New York, 1784. 



MISCELLANEOUS. 

ABERT, LIEUT. T. W. Report of his Ex- 
amination of New Mexico, in the years 
1846-47. 8vo, Many plates, pp. 195. 
$1 00. Washington, 1847. 

ABRAHAM, FATHER. Speech to a great 
Number of People, at a vendue of Mer- 
chant goods; Introduced the Publick by 
Poor Richard (a famous conjurer and 
almanack maker), in answer to the fol- 
lowing questions : Pray, Father Abraham, 
what think you of the times? Won't 
these heavy taxes quite ruin the coun- 
try ? How shall we be ever able to pay 
them? What would you .advise us to 
do ? ^2mo. pp. 16. $2 00. 

New Haven, N. D. 

ADAMS, JOHN QUINCY. The Jubilee of 
the Constitution. A Discourse delivered 
at the Request of the New York Histori- 
cal Society, in the City of New York, on 
Tuesday, the 30th of April, 1839 ; being 
the Fiftieth Anniversary of the luaugura- 



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SCARCE AMERICAN BOOKS. 



tion of George Washington as President 

of the United States, on Thursday, the 

30th of April, 1789. 75 cts. 

New York, 1837. 

" This pamphlet should be read by all parties, and then 
carefully laid aside, as a work abomiding in valuable 
minute points of historical information, many qf which 
are not to be met with elsewhere. We have here a vigorous 
sketch of tiie difficulties which preceded, and qf the ineffi-\ 
ciency which embarrassed, the confederation oiiginatly 
adopted by the States, and a faithful detail of the causes, 
arising from the imperfection of the first kagtie, which led 
to the adffption of our present constitution. What Mr. 
Adams has thus done could not be so well done, perhaps, by 
any man living. The circumstances by which he has been 
surrounded from, his boyhood— his intimate connection, 
private and public, with the leading men of t/ie Revoluiion 
—his long continued political career— his industrious habits 
of observation — his personal identification for nearly half 
a century with the interests of his subject— all had conspired 
to assure us that this svlject would be slciO fully handed, and 
the discourse itself assures us that, essentially, it is." 

ADAM, M. T. Millennium, being a series 
of Discourses Illustrative of its Nature 
and the means by which it will be intro- 
duced, and the time of its commence- 
ment. 12mo. pp. 224. Robert Carter. 
112 Canal street. $1. New York, 1837. 

This book as a treatise illustrating the advent of the mil- 
lennium, a sutrject of such hopeless obscurity and that has 
so often demo7istrated their folly of those who seemed loiser 
than their neighbors, possesses no particular merit, not- 
withstanding it has the indorsements of tlie venerable and. 
respectable names of the Rev. Doctors John Knox, 'Thomas 
De Witt, W O. Brownlee, Joseph McElroy, Thomas McAu- 
ley and Gardiner Spring ; but it possesses interest as the 
Arst book published by Robert Carter, the head of the exten- 
sive and flourishing house of Robert Carter cC. Brothers 
I'ublisliers and Booksellers in New Fork City, and is a 
memento of their publisliing career. — West. Memorabilia, 

ADAMS, JOHN. The correspondence of, late 
President of the United State of Ame- 
rica; concerning the British Doctrine of 
Impressment; and many interesting 
things which occurred during his ad- 
ministration. 8vo. pp. 72. §2 CO. 

Baltimore, 1809. 

ALBACH, JAMES R. Annals of the Wei^t; 
embracing a concise account of principal 
events which have occurred in the West- 
ern States and Territories, from the dis- 
covery of the Mississippi Valley to the 
year 1856. Compiled tVom the most au- 
thentic sources. Royal Svo. Sheep 
pp. 1016: $3 50. Pittsburgh, 1856 

ALEXANDER, ARCHIBALD. Suggestions 
in vindication of Sunday Schools, but 
more especially for the improvement ot 
Sunday School Books, and the enlarge- 
ment of the plan of instruction. Svo. 
pp. 32. 50 cts. New Jersey, N. D. 

ALLEN, ETHAN. Reason the only Omcle 
of man, or a compendious system of 
Natural Religion. Alternately adorned 
witli confutations of a variety of doc- 
trines incompatible to it; deduced from 
tlie most exalted ideas which we are able 
to form of the Divine and Human char- 
acters, and from the Universe in general 
Svo. pp. 477. Title page and preface 
deficient. $4. Bennington, Vt,, 1784 

A recent edition qf this book has been published in New 
York, but Vie editor or publisher has taken the liberty, -not 
only to alter but abridge the m'iginal, without giving the 
least notice of such being tliefact in the title page cf this 
issue. Even the title of the book has been curtailed ! The 
original is a book of extreme rarity. 



ALLEN, COL. ETHAN. Memoir of, con- 
taining the most interesting incidents 
connected with his private and public 
career, by Hugh Moore. 12mo. pp, 252. 
$1 00. Plattsburgh, N. Y., 1834. 

ALLINE, HENRY. Two Mites, cast into the 
Offering of God, for the Benefit of Man- 
kind, with some amendments by Benja- 
min Randal. 12mo. pp. 254. $1 00. 
Dover, N. H., 1804. 

AMERICA. Memoire sur La Decouverte de 
L'Amerique au Di.xieme Siecle par 
Charles Christian Rafn. Svo. pp. 203. 
Eighteen Plates $3. Copenhagen, 1S43. 

AMERICAN COLONIES. The Grievances of 
the, candidly examined. 12mo. pr. pp. 
47. $1 50. London, 1766. 

AMERICA. The Charters of the British Col- 
onies in. pp. 142. New Commission of 
the Governor of Quebec; and other in- 
struments of authority, derived from the 
Ci'own relative to America. pp. 82. 
Memorial of the Count de Guiues, the 
French Ambassador to the Court of Lon- 
don ; against Messieurs Fort and Roger, 
and against Mr. Delpech. pp. 48, in 1 
vol. Svo. Calf. S3 00. London, N. D. 

AMERICAN MARINERS; or the Atlantic 
Vojage. A Moral Poem. Prefixed is a 
vindication of the American Character, 
from the aspersions of the Quarterly Re- 
views. To which are added Naval An- 
nals : or, an impartial summary of the 
the actions fought, during the late war, 
at Sea, and on the Lakes, between the 
ships of Great Britain and those of the 
United States of America. 12mo. pp. 
396. $2 00. London, N. D. 

AMERICAN SPEECTIKS. Foren.sic and Par- 
liamentary, with Remarks. Collected by 
y C. Carpenter. 2 vols. Svo. S?5 00. 
Philadelphia, 1815. 

In this collection, will be found speeches by Ratrick Henry, 
Madison, General Hamilton, William Wirt, Ross, speech on 
tlie free ruivigation of Vie Mississippi river and many 
others. 

AMERICAN ALMANAC and Repository of 

Useful Knowledge. From 1830 to 1860. 

Paper covers, both inclusive. Forming 

a complete set. §31. Boston, 1830-60. 

The above named series qf volumes forms the only con- 
secutive annals qf the United States for the last thirty-one 
years. They possess intrinsic value to all who would desire 
accurate information concerning Vie country during that 
period, 

AMERICAN STATE PAPERS. Documents, 
Legislative and Executive, of the Con- 
gress of the United States, from the first 
Session, commencing March 3, 1789, to 
March 3, 1823. belected and edited 
under the authority of Congress b.v Wal- 
ter Lowrie, Secretary of the Senate, and 
Matthew St. Clare Clark, (^lerk of the 
House of Representatives. 21 vols. Fol. 
Halfrussia. $250. Washington, 1832-34. 
This publicatimi is classified usJoUow.-i, -tiumelti: Vols. 
1, 2, 3, 4, Foreign Relations; 5, ti, Indian AJ/airs ; 7, >>, 
9, Jfinance; 10, 11, Commerce and Navigation; 12, Jo, 
Military Affairs; 14, Naval Affairs ; \b, I'ost Office; 
16,17, 18, Rublic Lands; 19, Claims; 'M and 21, Miscel- 
lanies. 



-M 



AMERICAN REVIEW. A Whig Journal of 
Political Literature, Arts and Science. 
34 Portraits. 10 vols. Svo. Half calf. 
From the commencement, January, 1845, 
to December, 1849. $10 00. 

New York, 1845-49. 

AMERICAN STAMP ACT. Correct copies 
of the Two Protests against the Bill to 
repeal the American Stamp Act of last 
Session, with lists of the speakers and 
voters. 12mo. pr. pp. 24. $1 50. 

Paris, 1766. 

ANDERSON, REV. JOHN. Precious Truth ; 
or some points in gospel doctrine, vindi- 
cated in a sei-ies of letters addressed to 
Christians of every denomination ; show- 
ing the falsehood of the charges brought 
against the waitings of Mr. Marshal, 
Mr. Hervey, and others, by Mr. Bellamy 
in his dialogues and letters. By the 
same author " The Stone Rolled Away," 
or the Happy Issue of the Believer's Ex- 
ercises about his Difficulties, pp. 314. 
$2 50. Pittsburgh, Pa., 1806. 

ANTIQUITATES AMERICANiE. Sive 

Scriptores Septentrionales Rerum Ante- 
Columbianarum in America. Samling 
ap de I Nordeiis Oldscrifter Indelioldte 
Efterretuinger om de Gamle Nordboers 
Opdagelses reiser Til America fra dut 
10 de Til det 14 de Aarhundrede. Edidit 
Societas Hegia. jlntiquarioruni Septentri- 
onalium. 4to. pp. 525. Maps, plates 
and fac similes of antique manuscripts. 
$10 50 Hapnise, 1837. 

ANNALS OF CONGRESS. The Debates and 
Proceedings in the Congress of the United 
States; with an Appendix containing 
important State Papers and Public Docu- 
ments, and all the Laws of a Public 
Nature ; with a copious Index, from vol 
I, 1789 to 1822, wanting 1803 and 4, 
1804 and 5. 37 vols Svo. Law bind- 
ing. §75 00. Washington, 1834, &c. 

APES, WILLIAM (J Son of the Forest, In- 
dian), the Experience of. 2d ed. 18mo. 
75 cts. New York, 1S31. 

ATLANTO-PACIFIC CANAL, The. For all 
Nations. (The Humboldt line, via. the 
Atrato-Cupica valleys.) Capital £2,500, 
OUO. Preliminary statement, with a 
manuscript letter from the committee, 
and 3 colored maps. Svo. pp. 16. $150. 

London. 

AUSTIN, BENJAMIN. Constitutional Re- 
publicanism, in opposition to Fallacious 
Federalism ; as published occasionally in 
the Independent Chronicle, under the 
signature of Old South. To which is 
prelixedan Address to the Citizens of the 
U. S., by Benjamin Austin, Jr. 8vo. bds. 
pp. 327, uncut. $3 00. Boston, 1803. 

BAILLY, M. FELIX. Carte D'Etude Pour 
Le Trace et le Profile Du Canal De Nica- 
ragua. Par M. Thome De Gamond, 
lMgeniei.ur Civil. Precede de Docijments 



S»z 



Publies sur cette Question. 4to. pp. 90. 
Large mounted map giving a view of the 
intended Canal route and surrounding 
country, bds. $3 50. Paris, 1858. 

BANCROFT, GEORGE. The Necessity, the 
Reality and the Promise of the Progress 
of the Human Race. Oration delivered 
before the New York Historical Society, 
Nov, 20, 1854. Svo. pp. 95. 75 cents. 
New York, 1854. 

BARRINGTON, D. The possibility of ap- 
proaching the North Pole, asserted by. 
A new edition with an appendix, contain- 
ing papers on the same subject, and on 
North-West passage by Col. Beaufoy. 
Map. Svo. pp. 282. $1.25. 

London, 1818. 

BARTON, BENJAMIN SMITH, M. D. Tlie 
Philadelphia Medical and Physical Jour- 
nal. 2 vols. Svo. bds. uncut. $5.00. 

Philadelphia, 1804-5. 

These volumes besides discussing medical subjects has 
papers treating on Medical Biography, Falls of Niagara, 
Mohawk Indians, American Mammoth, Dr, Rush's Valedic- 
tory Address, Welsh Indians, Tellow Fever, White Ne- 
gros, He, dc. 

BATCHELDER, EUGENE. A Romance of 
the Sea-Serpent, or the Ichthyosaurus. 
Also a collection of the ancient and mo- 
dern authorities, with letters from distin- 
guished merchants and men of science. 
12mo. pp. 174. 75 cts. Cambridge, 1850. 

BATH-KOL. A Voice from the Wilderness. 
Being an humble attempt to support the 
Truth of God, against some of the prin- 
cipal errors raging at this time. By the 
first Presbytery of the Eastward. 18mo. 
$5.00, pp. 360. Printed by A". Coverly be- 
tween the Sign of the Lamb and the White- 
Horse. Boston, 1783. 

This singular and rare New Eru/land production is 
endorsed at the end by William Davidson, Moderator, and 
Simon WiUiams, Fi-os. Clerk, and concludes with stating 
that this is the end of the Jirst volume. It is bound in 
primitive style ; shingle boards and leather cover. 

BAILEY, RICHARD. Letters from,the Health 
Office, submitted to the Common Council 
of the City of New York. ^8vo. pp. 100. 
$2.00. New York, 1798. 

BEATTY, CHARLES. The Journal of a Two 
Months Tour with a view of Promoting 
Religion among the Frontier Inhabitants 
of Pennsylvania, and of Introducing 
Christianity among the Indians to the 
westward of the Allegany Mountains to 
which are added, Remarks on Language 
and Customs of some particular Tribes 
among the Indians. Svo. pp. 110. $2.00 
Loudon, 1768. 

BELKNAP, JEREMY'. The Foresters, an 
American Tale ; being a Sequel to the 
History of John Bull the Clothier. Se- 
cond edition. ISmo. pp. 250. $2.00. 

Boston, 1796. 

BELLAMY, JOSEPH. Theron, Paulinus, 
and Aspasio, or. Letters and Dialogues 
upon the nature of Love to God, Faith 
in Christ, Assurance of a Title to Eternal 
Life, &c., pp. 142. Also, An Essay on 



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9 



the nature and glory of the Gospel of 
Jesus Christ, &c., designed as a supple- 
ment to the above, pp. 215, 1 vol. 12mo. 
$1 00. Washington, D. C, 1798. 

BENEDICT, DAVID. A General History 
of the Baptist Denomination in America 
and other Parts of the World. Svo. por- 
traits, pp. 970. $2 50. 

New York, 1850 

BIBAUD, N. M, MAXIMILIEN. Biographie 
des Sagamos lUustres de I'Amerique 
Septentrionale. 8vo. pp 309. $2 00. 
Paper cover. Montreal, 1847. 

BIBLE. The Holy Bible, containing the Old 
and New Testament together with the 
Apocrypha. Svo. $5 00. 

Morristown, N. J., 1805. 

This is probably tlie first octavo edition of the Bible 
printed in America, embracing the Apoa-ypha. It viay 
therefore be ranked among the literary curiosities qf past 
as well as present times. 

HOLY BIBLE (THE). Containing the Old 
and New Testaments ; together with the 
Apocrypha; Translated out of the Ori- 
ginal Tongues, and with the former trans- 
lations diligently compared and revised, 
by tlie Special command of King James 
I, of England. With marginal notes and 
reference, to which are added an Index, 
and alphabetical table of all the names in 
the Old and New Testaments, with their 
significations; and Tables of Scripture, 
weights, measures and coins, embellish- 
ed with a map of Palestine, and nine 
historical engravings, thick 4to. $5 00. 
Matthew Carey, 118 Market street. 

Philadelphia, 1801. 

Tlds is among the earliest editions of the Protest- 
ant version of tlie Scriptures that have been printed in A me- 
rica. The copy is in excellent preservation and is con- 
sidered very rare. 

HOLY BIBLE. Containing the Old and New 
Testaments, Translated from the Original 
Tongues, and with the former Transla- 
tions Diligently compared. 4to. $25 00. 
Printed and sold by Isaac Collins. 

Trenton, N. J., 1791. 

The dedication to Kino Jam^s is omitted in this edition 
and an American preface substituted, wherein among other 
things is stated the publisher's reason for omitting this dedi- 
cation, (£c. Besides what is stated in the title page this 
edition has marginal references, Apocrypha, with Down- 
name's Concordance to tlie Bible. This is no doubt the first 
American edition of the Protestant version of the Quarto 
Family BUAe printed in America. This copy is in good 
preservation and certainly printed in a very creditable 
manner for tfie time, indeed it will compare well with those 
printed at present. Copies of this edition are become ex- 
ceedingly rare. 

BISHOP, ABRAHAM. Proofs of a Conspi- 
racy against Christianity, and the Go- 
vernment of the United States, exhibited 
in several views of tlie union of church 
and state in New England. Svo. pp. 
16H. $5 00. Hartford, 1802. 

BISHOP, ABRAHAM. Oration, in honor of 
the election of President Jefferson, and 
the peaceable acquisition of Louisiana, 
delivered at the National Festival, in 
Hartford, on the 11th of May, 1804. Svo. 
pp. 24. 61 00. Hartford, 1804. 



BIRNEY, JAMES G. Sketches of the Life 
and Writings of; by Beriah Green. 12mo. 
pp. 119. $1 00. Dtica, N. Y., 1844. 

BLACK MAN, THE. The comparative An- 
otomy and Physiology of the African 
Negro. By Hermann Burmeter, Trans- 
lated from the German. Svo. pp. 223. 
$1 25. Very rare. New York, 1853. 

BOHUN, EDWARD. An Address to the 
Freemen and Freeholders of the Nation, 
with two other Tracts by the same au- 
thor, 4to. calf. neat. $2 50. 

London, 1683. 

Bohun tvas a voluminous Political and Miscellaneous 
writer of the tiTnes of Charles II, James II, and William 
Prince of Orange. His works number not less than 20 
volumes V2mo, iivo, and folio. In 1696 he was appointed 
bu William Prince of Orange to the Chief Judgeship q/ the 
English Province of South Carolina. He died in that 
province the same year. 

BOLTON, ROBERT. History of the Protest- 
ant Episcopal Church in the County of 
Westchester, from its foundation, A. D. 
1683 to A. D. 1853. Svo. pp. 772. $2 00. 
2 portraits and a number of woodcuts. 

New York, 1855. 

BOOK OF COMMON PRAYER. According 
to the use of the Protestant Episcopal 
Church in the United States of America. 
12mo. $2 00 Isaiah Thomas, Printer, 
Worcester, Mass. 1802. 

BOOK OF COMMON PRAYER. According 
to the use of the Protestant Episcopal 
Church in the United States. ISmo. 
$2 00. New York, 1809. 

BOSTON DIRECTORY. Containing the 
Names of the Inhabitants, their Occupa- 
tions, &c. ISmo. pp. 252. $1 00. 

Boston, 1820. 

BO WEN, ELL The Coal Regions of Pennsyl- 
vania, being a General, Geological, His- 
torical and Statistical Review of the An- 
thracite Coal Districts. Illustrated with 
colored maps and engravings, and tables. 
Svo. pp. 76. $1 00. Potts ville, Pa., 1848. 

BRANCH (THE). The Kingdom and Glory 

of the Branch and Testament of The 

West. Svo. pp. 341. $3 00. 

Baltimore, 1843. 

The name of the author of the above named remarkable 
book was diaries Warfield. His olyect in this treatise ap- 
pears to have been the laying of the foundation of a new 
system political as welt as religious, but inasmuch as he 
as well as his book is still unknown to fame, it would follow 
that his scheme must have completely failed. 

BREWSTER, CHARLES W. Rambles about 
Portsmouth. Sketches of persons, locali- 
ties, and incidents of two centuries ; 
principally from tradition and unpub- 
lished documents. Svo. pp. 376. $2 00. 
Portsmouth, N. H , 1859. 

BRIG GENERAL ARMSTRONG. A Collec- 
tion of Sundry Publications, and other 
documents in relation to the attack made 
during the late war upon the private 
armed brig Gen. Armstrong of New York, 
commanded by S. C. Reid, on the night 
of the 26tli Sept., 1814, by two English 
ships. 12mo. pp. 57. $1 00. 

New York, 1833. 



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BRITISH GRAMMAR, THE ; or an Essay, in 
Four Farts, towards Speaking and Writ- 
ing the English Language Grammatically, 
and Inditing Elegantly, for the use of 
Schools, and of young gentlemen and 
ladies. 8vo. pp. 311. $3 60. 

Boston, 1784. 

BRITISH IMPRESSMENTS, Copies and Ex- 
tracts of Dociiments on the subject of, 
of American Seamen. Bvo. pp. 64. 

New York, 1813. 

BROOKLYN CITY WATER WORKS. Docu- 
ments and Plans submitted by the Water 
Committee to the Common Council of 
the City of Brooklyn, for the year 1854. 
4to. 28 plates, half mor, pp. 145. $6 00. 
Brooklyn, 1854. 

BROWN, C. BROCKDEN. Edgar Huntly; 
or, Memoirs of a Sleep-Walker, in 3 
vols. 12mo. original edition. $3 00. 

Philadelphia, 1799 

BROWN, DAVID PAUL. Sertorius, or the 
Roman Patriot, A Tragedy. The Prophet 
of St. Paul's, A Play in Five Acts. The 
two in one, richly bound in calf, elegant 
gold border and gilt edges. 8vo. $5 00. 
Autoraph of William E. Burton. 

Philadelphia, 1836. 

BROWN GEORGE S. Abridged Journal, con- 
taining a brief Account of the Life, Trials 
and Travels, in Liberia, West Africa. 
8vo. pp. 392. $2 00. 

Troy, N. Y., 1849. 

BROWNE, D. I, The Trees of America; Na- 
tive and Foreign, Pictorially and Botani- 
cally delineated, and scientifically and 
popularly described ; being considered 
principally with reference to their Geo- 
graphy and History, soil and situatiou, 
propagation and culture, accidents and 
diseases, properties and uses, economy 
in the arts, introduction into commerce, 
and their application in useful and orna- 
mental plantations. Illustrated by nu- 
merous engravings, royal 8vo. pp. 520. 
$5 00. New York, 1846. 

BROWNSON, 0. A. New Views of Christ- 
ianity, Society and the Church. 12mo. 
pp. 116 §1 00. Boston, 1836. 

BROWNSON, 0. A. Charles Elwood ; or, 
the Infidel Converted. 12mo. pp. 262- 
$1 00. Boston, 1840. 

BUCANIERS of America. The History of; 

translated into English. Illustrated with 

copperplates. 2vols.ini. 12mo. $3.00. 

London, 1741. 

CANADA. A Refutation of the Letter to an 
Hon. Brigadier-General, Commander of 
His Majesty's Forces in Canada, by an 
Ofacer, 12mo. pr. pp. 52. $1.50. 

London, 1760. 

CARROLL, REV. JOHN. Biographical Sketch 

of ; First Archbishop of Baltimore ; with 

select portions of his writings. Edited 

by J. C. Brent. 12mo. port. pp. 321. 

. $1 00. Baltimore, 1843. 



CARUTHERS, DR. The Knight of the Horse 
Shoe ; a Traditionary Tale of the Cocked 
Hat Gentry in the Old Dominion. Svo. 
pp.284. $5 00. Wetnmpka, Ala., 1845. 

CASPISSINA, T. Observations on a variety 
of Subjects, Literary, Moral and Religious. 
In a series of original letters. Revised 
12mo. pp. 251. $5. Philadelphia, 1774. 

T/iis book is particularly interesting Jor the account 
which it gives of the men, times and tilings in the British 
North American Colonies, but inwe particularly the City 
of Philadelphia, prior to the Revolution. 

CATALOGUS. Collegii Neo-Cajsariensis, Re- 
rumpublicarum foederatarum Americse 
summe potestates anno 46. Svo. pp.38. 
$1 00. Tridenti, 1821. 

CATO MAJOR; or a Discourse on Old Age by 
Cicero. Translated from the Latin by 
Logaan, with copious notes by Dr. Frank- 
lin. Youthful Portrait of Dr. Franklin. 
Svo. pp. 163. $2 00. London, 1778. 

CHANDLER, THOMAS BRADBURY. An Ap- 
peal to the Public in behalf of the Church 
of England in America. Svo. pp. 138. 
uncut. $3 00. New York, 1767. 

CHARLEVOIX PERE. Histoire et Descrip- 
tion Generale du Japon. Map and nu- 
merous plates. 9 vols. 12mo. $12 00. 
Paris, 1736. 

CHOCKTAW HYMN BOOK. Chahtarlba 
Isht Talsa Holesso. ISmo. $1 00. 

Boston, 1833. 

CHARLESTON. Census of the City of 
Charleston, South Carolina, for the year 
1848. Exhibiting the condition, and 
prospects of the city, illustrated by many 
statistical details, prepared by J. L. 
Dawson, M. D., and H. W. DeSaussure, 
M. D. Svo. pp. 270. $1 00. 

Charleston, S. C, 1849. 

CLERGYMAN'S Almanack or, an Astrono- 
mical Diary and Serious Monitor, for 
1810, 1811, 1812, 1813, 1814, 1815. 6 
Nos. in 1 vol. 12mo. $1 50. 

Boston, 1810-15. 

CLEVELAND, N. Greenwood. A Directory 

for Visitors. 12mo. pp. 471. With 123 

Illustrations. $3 00. New York, 1849. 

The first part of the boolc is devoted to a Description of 
the ivincipal monuments with engravexi views of one hun- 
dred and twenty-three of the same. The second. Biograph- 
ical slietclies of certain of the tenants inhabiting this c'lar- 
nel house. 

COLE, JOHN. The American War, an Ode, 
being an impartial Description of the 
most material Military and Naval Trans- 
actions there ; from the commencement 
of Hostilities, to the end of the second 
campaign, interspersed occasionally with 
humourous satyrical Animadversions 
on the conduct of both Parties, with 
Explanatory Notes through the whole. 
To which is added an Appendix, wherein 
the Author has traced the origin of that 
People's revolt, to a cause which he never 
saw yet adverted to ; with the many con- 
curring circumstances which have tlius 
far accelerated the execution of their 
plan. Svo. pp. 123. $5. London, 1779. 



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COCKBURN, JOHN. Journey overland from 
the Gulf of Honduras to the South Sea; 
accompanied bj Thomas Rounce, Richard 
Banister, John Holland, Thomas Robin- 
son and John BuUnian. To which is 
added the Travels of Nicholas Withing- 
ton. Map. 8vo. $1 50. London, 1825. 

COLES, EDWARD. History of the Ordinance 
of 1787. Read before the Historical So- 
ciety of Pennsylvania, June 9, 1856. 
Svo. pp. 33. §1 00. 1856. 

COLONIAL WAR. Letters to a Nobleman, 
on the Conduct of the War in the Mid- 
dle Colonies. 8vo. pp^ 101. With a 
map. $1 25. London, 1779. 

COLUMBIA COLLEGE. Addresses by Wil- 
liam Betts, LL.D., Charles A. Joy, 
Francis Lieber, LL.D., Charles Davis, 
LL.D., Charles Murray Nairne, M-A. 
8vo. pp. 201. $2 00. New York, 1858. 

CONDUCTOR GENERALIS : or the Office, 
Duty and Authority of Justices of ihe 
Peace, High Sheriffs, Under Sheriffs, 
Goalers, Coroners, Constables, Jurymen, 
and Overseers of the Poor. As also the 
Office of Clerks of Assize, and of the 
Peace, &c. To which is added a collec- 
tion out of Sir Mathew Hales, concerning 
the Descent of Lands ; with several choice 
maxims in Law, and the Office of Mayors, 
&c. 2d ed., with large additions. Svo 
pp. 480. $3 00. New York, 1749. 

CONNECTICUT AND NEW YORK. Bound- 
ary Line between. Report of the Com- 
missioners to ascertain the boundary line 
between the States of New York and Con- 
necticut. Svo. pp. 184. Four large 
maps of the surrounding' country, $5 00. 
Albany, 1857. 

CONSTITUTIONS, The, of the several In- 
dependent States of America ; the Dec- 
laration of Independence ; the Articles 
of Confederation between said States, 
the Treaties between His Most Christian 
Majesty and the United States of Ame- 
rica. Published by order of Congress. 
Svo. pp. 168. $3 00. 
Phila, printed London, reprinted, 1782. 

COTTON, JOHN. A Defence of Mr. John 
Cotton from the imputation of Self Con- 
tradiction, charged on him by Dan Cow- 
drey. Written by himself not long be- 
fore his death. Whereunto is prefixed. 
Answer to a late Treatise of the side of 
Mr. Cowdrey, about the Nature of 
Schisme. By John Owen. 24mo. pp. 
183. $2 00. Oxford, 165S. 

GYNICK, THE. By Growler Gruff, Esquire. 

made by a confederacy of Lettered Doges. 

l8mo. pp. 210, $5 00. Phila, 1812. 

Tfiis little rarity is made up of Theatrical Criticism.'; ; a 
Poem on the Advance qf Science in America ; Fictitious 
Chinese Correspondence ; Odes on the death of Hamilton 
and others ; Review of Incliequin's Letters ; Dialogues of 
the Dead and Living, Tom Paine, John Randolph, St. 
Peter and the Devil ; Robert Walsh as a Reviewer ; Beards, 
Whiskers, Hijpocrisy, Poems, <£c., dtc. 



DANTE. The First Ten Cantos of the Inferno, 

Newly Translated into English Verse. 

Svo. pp. 83. $5 00. (Privately printed.) 

Boston, 1843. 

Tliese ten cantos of Dante, were translated In/ T W. Par- 
sons of Boston. He ivrites enthusiastically qf tlte genius 
and character of Dante. 

"Dante VMS the true Father of the Reformation. No- 
thing in this particular can equal the boldness qf his muse. 
It strikes without distinction at the crowns cf kings, the 
mitres of bishops, the tiara of the Pope himself. With re- 
gard to the latter, lie disputes his temporal power ; he de- 
nounces his spiritual usurpations ; he denies his infalli- 
bility ; he denies him the power of absolution and excom- 
munication. He believes in our salvation by grace; he 
e.rijoses the intrigues and corruption of the Papal court, 
and the venality qf benefices ; he sees in Papal Rome Ihe 
lustful beast of the Revelations ; he deplores in the church 
of Christ the continual traffic m the name qf Christ, and 
solicits him to come and chase the venders and buyers of 
his holy church, out of the holy temple cemented and conse- 
crated by the blood of the martyrs. Moreoxier, he was the 
greatest pliilosopher of his age. We are filed with aston- 
ishnii-iit ii'Iirn. in the beginning of the fourteenth century, 
we find him nifering those scientific prophecies, made aU 
mo'st fioo oof's before they were verified. He showed himself 
familiar with the sphericity qf the earth, and alluded to the 
existence qf a western hemisphere. He manifests an ac- 
quaintance with the theory of the luinds and a curious in- 
sight into the phenomenon of the production of rain. He 
hinted at the latvs of gravitation— anticipated Newton's 
them-y of attraction and repulsion, and announce/1 the 
tendency qf the magnet to the polar star. He described, in 
a very poetical manner, a clock which sounds matins to 
awaken the spouse of God and make her seek his love He 
anticipated also the discovery of the circidation of the blood ; 
he described and explained the phenomenon qf the shooting 
stars, and long before the telescope of Galileo, he taught us 
that the millcy way was nothing else than the combination 
qf light with an immense multitude of smaller orbs." 

DE CHARLEVOIX, R. P. PIERRE FRAN- 

COIS-XAVIER. Histoire du Paraguay. 

3 vols. 4to. Calf. Fine set of maps in 

fine preservation. 3 vols. 4to. $9 00. 

Paris, 1756. 

DE ROOS, FRED. FITZGERALD. Personal 
Narrative of Travels in the United States 
and Canada in 1826. Illustrated by 
plates, with remarks on the present state 
of the American Navy. Svo. pp. 219. 
$1 25. London, 1827. 

DEBATES and Proceedings of the Congress 
of the United States, with an appendix 
containing important State Papers and 
Public Documents from March 3, 1739 
to March 3, 1791. 2 vols, royal Svo. 
$4 00. Washington, 1834. 

DECATUR, COM. STEPHEN and Com. 
James Barron. Correspondeu ce between , 
which led to the unfortunate meeting of 
the 22d of March. Svo. pp. 26. 

Washington, 1^20. 

DICKINSON, JOHN {late President of the 
State of Delaware and. of Pennsylvania) . 
The Political Writings of. 2 vols. Svo. 
sheep, poor binding. $10 00. 

Wilmington, Da., 1801. 

Dickinson was one of the most efficient promoters qf the 
American Revolution. His letters signed Fabius were 
written and published to stimulate the public mind, to ac- 
quiesce in and adopt the Federal Constitution. They conse- 
quently form an appropriate pendant to the Federalist. 
In his political opinions he was a consistent advocate of a 
republican form qf government, and in his religious dog- 
mas and practices, ivas a disciple qf George Fox and Wm. 
Penn He ivas born in Maryland, December, 1732, and 
died in Philadelphia, jfeb. 15, 1808. 
DICKINSON, JONATHAN. Familiar Letters 
to a gentleman, upon a variety of season- 
able and important subjects in religion. 
Svo. pp. 429. $1 25. Boston, 1745. 




DICKINSON, JONATHAN, The Scripture 
Doctriue, concerning some Important 
Points of Christian Faith. 12mo. pp. 
208. $1 50. Elizaljethtown,N.J.,1793. 

DRAKE, SIR FRANCIS. The Life of, the first 
Engh'sh Circumnavigator, reprinted from 
the Biographia Britannica, together with 
the Historical and Genealogical Account 
of Sir Francis Drake's Family, from Ba- 
ronetage; and Extracts from Nicholson's 
History of Cumberland, containing an 
Account of the Richmond Family of 
Highhead Castle. Privately printed, fol. 
$2 OJ. London, 1828. 

DURRIE, DANIEL STEELE. Steele Family. 
A Genealogical History of John and 
George Steele (settlers of Hartford, Ct.), 
1635-6, and their descendants, with an 
appendix, containing genealogical in- 
formation respecting other families of 
the name, who settled in diiferent parts 
of the United States. Royal 8vo. pp.145. 
$2 00. Albany, 1859. 

DUANE STREET, late Cedar Street Presby- 
terian, Fifth Avenue and 19 th Street 
Chiirch. A brief history of, and a 
Manual for its Members, by Cyrus Mason. 
ISmo, pp. 27. $1 00. Privately printed. 
New York, 1835. 

DUNBAR, JOHN R. W. History of the Jew- 
ish Physicians, from the French of E. 
Carmoly, with notes. 8vo. pp. 94. $2 00. 
Baltimore, n. d. 

DUNLAP, S. F. The Origin of Ancient 
Names of Countries, Cities, Individuals 
and Gods. 8vo. pp. 27. §1 00. 

Cambridge, 1856. 

DUNSHEE, HENRY WEBB. History of the 
Scliool of the Reformed Protestant Dutch 
Church in the City of New York, from 
1633 to the present time, with an intro- 
duction by Thomas De Witt, D. D. 12mo. 
cloth, $1 00. New York, 1853. 

DUROCCAGE, MADAME. Le Colombiade, 
Le Foi portee au Nouveau Monde, Poeme. 
Eleven Plates. 8vo. calf, $2 50. 

Paris, 1761. 

DWIGHT, TIMOTHY. Travels in New 

England and New York. Illustrated with 

* Maps and Plates. 4 thick vols. 8vo. 

rare. $4 00. 1823. 

A most interesting and valuable work, on the Physical 
Geography , Scenery, Naliiral Hiitory, including Geology, 
Mineralogy, <£c.. Vegetation, Government, Notices of £mi- 
nent Literary Men and others qf the United States. 

EDWARDS, BRYAN. History, Civil and 

Commercial of the British Colonies in 

the West Indies 2 vols. 4to. calf. pp. 

530 and 500. $4 00 London, 1793. 

Vrt/j the book plate qf the Earl of Munsler, natural 
Son of William IV. 

EDWARDS, JONATHAN. Life of David 
Brainerd, Missionary to the Indians, to 
which is added Brainerd's Journal while 
among the Indians, and Mr. Pemberton's 
Sermon at his ordination. 8vo. $3 00. 

Edinburgh, 1765. 



ELLIOT, JONATHAN. The Funding System 
of the United States and of Great Britain, 
some Tabular Facts of other Nations, 
touching the same subject. Royal 8vo. 
pp. 1323. 85 50. Washington, 1845. 

EMPIP;, ADAM. Remarks on the distinguish- 
ing doctrine of Modern Universalism, 
lyhich teaches Ihat there is no Hell and 
no Punishment for the Wicked after 
Death. 8vo. pr. pp. 139. 75 cts. 

New York, 1825. 

ETATS-UNIS. Guide des, pour les chemins 
de fer, la navigation, les lois et les institu- 
tions de 1' Amerique du Nord, &c. Redige 
et publievpar J. D. L. Zender, M. D. 
12mo. pp. 134, map. $1 00. 

New York, 1858. 

EUSTACE, THOMAS. Adventures and Ship- 
wreck off Long Island, near New York. 
Frontispiece and portraits. 8vo. boards. 
$3 00. 1820. 

EXAMINATION OF THE TREATY of Amity, 
Commerce, and Navigation, between the 
United States and Great Britain, in se- 
veral numbers, by Cato. 8vo. pp. 96. 
$5 00. 1795. 

Gen. Hamilton was author of this pamphlet. It has this 
endorsement on the title page apparently in Hamilton's 
hand-iuriting, " Thomas iieynolds." 

EVERETT, ALEXANDER. Critical and Mis- 
cellaneous Essays, to which is added a 
few Poems. 12mo. pp. 563. $2 00. 

Boston, 1846. 

EYE, THE. By Obadiah Optick (an Early 
American Periodical). 2 vols. 12mo. pp. 
316, 316. $4 00. Philadelphia, 1808. 

FALKLAND ISLANDS, or, &c., compiled 
from ten years' Investigation on the Sub- 
ject. By G. T. Whitington. 8vo. pp. 
88. map. $1 00. London, 1S4U. 

FATHER ABRAHAM'S Speech to a great 
Number of People, at a Vendue of Mer- 
chant Goods. Introduced to the Public 
by Poor Richard (Ben. Franklin). 12mo. 
pp. 16, very rare. $2 00. 

New Haven, Sine Anno. 

FAY, THEODORE S. Statement. 8vo. pp. 
78. $2 00 Sine Loco^ Sine Anno. 

FEATHERSTONHAUGH, GEO. WILLIAM. 
Observations upon the Treaty of Wash- 
ington, signed August 9th, 1842, with 
the Treaty annexed, together Wifli a 
map to illustrate the boundary line. 8vo. 
pp. 119. $2 00, London, 1843. 

FINDLY, WILLIAM. Observations on " The 
Two Sons of Oil " containing a Vindica- 
tion of the American Constitutions and 
defending the blessings of Religious 
Liberty and Toleration against the illiber- 
al strictures of the Rev. Samuel Wylie, 
12mo. pp. 266. $2 00. Pittsburgh, 1812. 

FLORIDA. A Military Map of the Peninsula 
of. South of Tampa Bay, compiled from 
the latest and most reliable authorities, 
by Lieut. J. C. Ives; four feet by three, 
with letter-press description. Done up 
in book form. 8vo. size. §5 00. 

Washington, 1856. 



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FIELD, DAVID D. A statistical account of 
the County of Middlesex in Connecticut 
8vo. pp. 154. $2 00. 

Middletown, Conn., 1819. 

FINLEY, JAMES B. History of the Wyndott 
Missions at Upper Sandusky, Ohio. 
12mo. pp. 432. $1 25. 

Cincinnati, 1840. 

FISHER, THOMAS. Dial of the Seasons, or 
a Portraiture of Nature. 8vo. pp. 217 
$1 00. Phila., 1845. 

FORCE, PETER. American Archives : con- 
sisting of a collection of authentic re- 
cords, state papers, debates, and letters 
and other notices of public affairs, the 
whole forming a Documentary History 
of the Origin and Progress of the North 
American Colonies ; of the causes and 
accomplishment of the American Revo- 
lution ; and of the constitution of go- 
vernment for the United States to tlie 
final ratification thereof. In six series, 
folio, half russia. pp. 945. 

Washington, 1848 

GRINNELL LAND. Remarks on the English 
Maps of Arctic Discoveries in 1850 and 
1851, made at the ordinary meeting of 
the National Institute, Washington, ir 
May, 1852, by Peter Force. 8vo. pp. 23 
$1 00 Washington, 1852 

FORREST, EDWIN. Oration delivered at 
the Democratic Republican Celebration 
of the 62d Anniversary of Independence, 
July 4th, 1838. 8vo. pp. 24. $1 25 

New York, 1838. 

FOSTER, STEPHEN S. The Brotherhood of 
Thieves, or A True Picture of the Ameri- 
can Church and Clergy, &e. 12mo. pp 
72. 81 00. Boston, Sine Anno 

FRANKLIN, BENJAMIN. The Way to 
Wealth, as clearly shewn in the Preface 
of an Old Pennsylvania Almanac, inti- 
tled Poor Richard. Improved 8vo. pp. 
16. $1 00. Sine. Loco, Sine Anno. 

FRIENDS', OTHERWISE QUAKER Library, 
in 20 parts, paper covers, embracing the 
following biographies, namely : Life of 
Fox, Christopher Story, Penn's No Cross 
No Crown, W. Savery, Life and Suffer- 
ings of John Banks, Life of Alice Hayes, 
William Edmunson, P^za Stirrege, W. 
Dusbury, T. Wilson, Joseph Pike, Joseph 
Oxley, Samuel Rowans, Edward Chester, 
T. ShiUitoe, Giles Barnardiston, Deborah 
Bell, Wm, Penn, Thomas Chakley, John 
Chuchman, John Pemberton, John Bar- 
clay, Daniel Wheeler, Thomas Elwood, 
Mary Ilogger, Samuel Scott, Wm. Coton, 
Samuel Fothergill, John Gratton, Jane 
Gouch, William Rukett, Thomas Scat- 
tergood, George Whitehead, John Rob- 
erts, Eliza Ashbridge, Ruth Fellows, 
John Richardson, Charles Marshall, 
SarahStevenson, Benjamin Bangs, Henry 
Hull, John Woolman, Jane Pearson, W. 
Moore. Royal 8vo. $6 00. 

Philadelphia, 1837, &c. 



GARDINER, JOHN. The Speech of, deli- 
vered in the House of Representatives, on 
Thursday, 26th of January, 1792; on 
the subject of the report of the com- 
mittee appointed to consider the expe- 
dience of repealing the Law against 
Theatrical exhibitions within tins Com- 
monwealth. 8vo. pr. pp. 159. very 
scarce. S3 00. Boston, 1792. 

This is without doubt the first American defence oftheu- 
tres and stage plays. I'hc author appears to have been 
very zealous in what he undertook. This book is filed with 
quotations in support -qf his views from every well knoion 
and many obscure authorities. 

GENTILITY. What is Gentility ? A Moral 
Tale. 12mo. pp. 257. $1 00. 

Washington, 1828. 

GENIN, SYLVESTER. Selections from the 
works of, in poetry, prose and historical 
design, with a biographical sketch. Svo. 
portrait, pp. 252. 15 plates. 

New York, 1855. 

GLENN, SAMUEL F. Gravities and Gaieties. 
12mo. pp. 116. $1. Washington, 1839. 

GOODELL, WILLIAM. The American Slave 
Code in Theory and Practice; its Distinc- 
tive Features Shown by its Statutes, Ju- 
dicial Decisions and illustrative Facts. 
12mo. pp. 411. $1 50. London, N. D. 

GOWANS' BIBLIOTHECA AMERICANA: 

1. Denton, Daniel. A Brief Description 
of New York, formerly New Netherlands, 
1670. New edition : with copious notes. 
Historical and Biographical. By Gabriel 
Furman. 8vo. $2 00. New York, 1845. 

2. WooLET, Charles. A Two Years' .Jour- 
nal in New York, formerly New Nether- 
lands, 1679. New edition : with copious 
Historical and Biographical Notes. By E. 
B. O'Callaghan, M. D. 8vo. $2 00. 

New York, 1860. 

3. Miller, John. A Description of the 
Province and City of New York, with 
Plans of the city and several Forts, as 
they existed in the year 1695. New 
edition ; with copious Historical and Bi- 
ographical Notes. By John Gilmary 
Shea, LL. D. Svo. $2. New York, 1862. 
Afeio copies on large paper, 4to., can be 
had for $5 00 each. 

The above three books, " Denton, Wooley and Miller's 
Journals," are the earliest written and published produc- 
tions, touching New Netherlands, now New York, by resi- 
dents at the time an the spot. In consequence, like allfrag- 
'/ments or larger treatises wHtten by eye-witnesses they 
possess an interest and authority not connected with the 
works of copyists or reproducers. 'These neio editions are 
vastly enhanced in intrinsic value by the historical and 
hiographical notes added by the respective editors, all well 
known as being amply capable qf doing justice as com- 
mentators on American subjects. Original editions (f 
these books are worth from $75 to SIOO. 

GRANT, MRS. Letters from the mountains; 
being the real correspondence of a Lady, 
between the years 1773 and 1807. In 
3 vols 12mo. half calf. $2 25. 

London, 1807. 
GRANVILLE JUBILEE. Celebration at 
Granville, Mass., Aug. 27th and 28th, 
1845. 8mo. pp. 139. $1 00. 

Springfield, 1845. 



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GRISWOLD, R. W. The Cyclopedia of 
American Literature. By Evert A. 
Duyckinck and George L. Duyckinck. 
J. Review. 8vo. pp. 32. $1 00. 

New York, 1856. 

HALL, JOHN. History of the Presbyterian 
Church in Trenton, N. J., from the set- 
tlement of the town. Woodcuts. 12mo. 
pp. 460. $1 50. New York, 1860. 

HARDIE, JAMES. An account of the Malig- 
nant Fever, lately prevalent in the city 
of New York, &c. &c. 8vo. pp. 148. 
$2 00. New York, 1799. 

HARRIS, ISAAC. General Business Direct- 
ory of the cities of Pittsburgh and Alle- 
gheny, with the Environs. 5tli edition. 
12mo. pp. 241. 63 cs. Pittsburgh, 1847. 

HAWAII. Himeni. Kumu Leomele No Na 
Himeni a Me Na Halelu E. Hoolea Aku 
Ai IKE AKUA. ISmo. 81 25. Oahu, 1834. 

IIAYNE AND WEBSTER'S famous speeches 
on Mr. Foote's resolutions relating to the 
public lands. 2 pamphlets. Original 
editions. $2 00. Washington, 1830. 

HAZARD. United States Commercial and 
Statistical Register. Containing domes- 
tic, foreign and other useful information. 
Illustrating the History and Resources of 
the American Union and of each State. 
Embracing Commerce, Manufacture, 
Agriculture, Internal Improvements, 
Banks, Currency, Education, &o., &c. 
6 vol. Royal 8vo. SO' 00. 1839-42. 

HINMAN, R. R. A Catalogue of the Names 
of the First Puritan Settlers of the Col- 
ony of Connecticut, with the time of their 
arrival in the colony, and their standing 
in society, together with the Place of 
their Residence, as ftir as caii be discov- 
ered by the records. 3 parts, 8vo. paper. 
$3 00. Hartford, 1846. 

HISTOIRE NATURELLE et Morale des lies 
Antilles de L'Amerique. Enrichi de 
plusieurs belles figures des Raritez les 
plus considerables qui y sont d<^crites. 
AvEC UN Vocabulaire Caraibe. 4to. 
velum, pp. 544. Portrait and plates. 
Fine portrait of Jaqucs Amproux. $3 50. 
Rotterdam, 1658. 

HIVE, THE, or a Collection of Thoughts on 
Civil, Moral, Sentimental and Religious 
Subjects. 12mo. pp. 256. $1 25. 

Worcester, 1795. 

HOLBROOK, JOHN EDWARDS, M. D. 
North American Herptology, or a De- 
scription of tlie Reptiles inhabiting the 
United States. 50 colored plates, w. 
4to. S15 00. Philadelphia, 1838. 

HOLBROOK, JOHN EDWARDS, M. D. 
Ichthyology of South Carolina. 10 parts. 
4to. 27 colored plates containing 54 fig- 
ures. Plate 3 wanting. Charleston, 1855. 

HOLYOKE, EDWARD. A Sermon preached 
before his Excellency Jonathan Belcher, 
Esq., of Massachusetts Bay, His Majesty's 
. Council. Thin8vo.pp. 51. $100. 

Boston, 1736. 



HUMPHREYS, DAVID. An Historical Ac- 
count of the Incorporated Society for the 
Propagation of tlie Gospel in Foreign 
Parts, containing their Foundation, Pro- 
ceedings and the Success of Llieir Mis- 
sionaries in the British Colonies, to the 
year 1728. 8vo. cloth, pp. 135. 61 00. 
London, 1730, reprinted, 1852. 

HUNT, FREEMAN. Letters about the Hud- 
son River, and its Vicinity Written in 
1835-1837. 3d edition. 18mo. pp. 252, 
2 maps and 2 plates. $1. N. Y. 1837. 

INDIAN. The little Osage Captive, an au- 
thentic narrative, to which are added 
some interesting letters, written by Indi- 
ans. Frontispiece. 18mo. pp. 182. 
$1 00. York, 1824. 

INDIAN GOOD BOOK, made by Eugene 
Vetromile, S. J., for the benefit of the 
Penobscot, Passamaquoddy, St. John's, 
Micmac and other tribes of the Abnaki 
Indians, this year, 1857, Oldtown, Indian 
village, and Bangor. 12mo. mor., gilt. 
pp. 449. plates. $3. New York, 1857. 

IRVINGIANA. A Memorial of Washington 
Irving. Edited by E. A. Duyckinck. 
Recumbent portrait. 4to. §1 00. 

New York, 1860. 

JARRATT, DEVEREUX. Life of the Rev., 
by himself, in a series of letters address- 
ed to the Rev. John Coleman, pp. 227. 
Tlioughts on some important subjects in 
Divinity, by the same. pp. 84. 12mo. 
$1 00. Baltimore, 1806. 

JEFFERSON, THOMAS. His message to 
Congress communicating Discoveries 
made in Exploring the Missouri, Red 
river and Washita, by Captains Lewis 
and Clark, Dr. Sibley and Mr. Dunbar; 
with a statistical account of the counties 
adjacent. 8vo. half calf, rare, map, pp. 
171. $5 00. Washington, 1806. 

JEFFERSON, THOMAS. Reports of Cases 
Determined in the General Court of Vir- 
ginia from 1730 to 1740, and from 1768 
to 1772. 8vo. pp. 145. §5 00. 

Charlottesville, 1829. 

JOHNSON, SAMUEL, D. D. Tlie Life of, 
containing many interesting anecdotes ; 
a general view of the state of religion 
and learning in Connecticut during the 
former part of the last century ; and an 
account of the institution and rise of 
Yale College, Connecticut, and of King's 
(now Columbia) College, New York, by 
Thomas B. Chandler, D. D., to which is 
added an Appendix, containing many 
original letters, never before published, 
from Bishop Berkely, Arch-Bishop Seek- 
er, Bishop Lowth and others to Dr. 
Johnson. 18mo. cloth, pp. 212. $1 50. 
New York, 1805. 

JONES, SAMUEL. A Century Sermon, de- 
livered in Philadelphia at the Opening 
of the Philadelphia Baptist Association, 
October 6th, 1807. 8vo. pp. 28. $1 00. 
Philadelphia, 1807. 



JONES, ARTHUR T. A Horse Story, or 
An Old Gray Horse. Including a Narra- 
tive of all the proceedings in the case of 
the Impeachment of John Orser, Sheritf 
of New York, with the decisions of the 
Governor, and the Trial and Conviction 
of DepMy Thomas' Carlin. 8vo. pp. 
337. very scarce. $1 50. 

New York, 1856. 

JUNIUS, JR. The Vision of Judgment ; or 
a present for the Whigs of '76 and '37, 
in ten parts, with illustrations. Bvo. pp. 
32. $1 00. New York, 1838. 

KENNETT, DR. WHITE. The Life of the 
late Lord Bishop of Peterborough, with 
several Original Letters of tlie Late Arch- 
bishop of Centerbury, Dr. Tennison, 
the Late Earl of Sunderland, Bishop 
Kennett, &c., and some curious Original 
Papers and Records, never before pub- 
lished. 8vo. pp. 308. calf. 82 00. 

London, 1730. 

KENT, JAMES. A Discourse on the Life, 
Character, and Public Services of, late 
Chancellor of the State of New York ; De- 
livered by Request, before the Judiciary 
and Bar of the City and State of New 
York, April 12, 1848, by John Duer. 
8vo. pp. 86. $1 00. New York, 1848. 

KENTUCKY AND VIRGINIA RESOLUTIONS 
of 1798-1799, with correspondence ; also 
the Great Debate in the United States 
Senate in 1833 and many other Papers 
relative to the Constitution and Govern 
ment of the United States, State Rights 
and Nulliiication. Royal 8vo. $1 50. 
Baltimore, 1833 

This appears to be the supplement to volume 43 ofNUes's 
Register. 

KER, JOHN. The Memoires, relating to 
Politics, Trade and History, Secret Trans- 
actions and Negotiations. 3 vols. 8vo 
calf, neat. $6 00. London, 1727 

In the second volume of these memoirs is to he found a 
Map of Louisiana and the River Mississippi, with much 
relating to the Territory qf Louisiana and Florida. The 
book plate of Walter Wilson, author of the Life of De Foe, 
whose copy it formerly was, is to he found, inside (f the 
first cover. 

KER, JOHN. Memoires of, relating to Polittcs, 
Trade and History. 2 vols. 8vo. Por- 
trait. $3 00. London, 1727. 

Much in these volumes will be found relating to Am^c- 
rica, more particularly the Mississippi Colony. 

KNOX, REV. JOHN. Memorial of the, with 
a discourse commemorative of, by T. 
De Witt ; Extracts from Dr. Vermilyea's 
Sermon on the Occasion; with an Ap- 
pendix. 8vo. pp. 125. portrait. $1 50 
New York, 1858 

LA HONTON, BARON. Memoires de I'Ame- 
rique Septentrionale ou la Suite des 
Voyage. Avec un petit Dictionnaire de 
la Langue du Pais. 2 Toms. 12mo 
and plates. $5 00. Amsterdam, 1705. 

LEAVES OF GRASS. American and Eu- 
ropean Criticisms on " Leaves of Grass " 
18mo. pp. 64. $1 00. Boston, I860. 



LAUREL HILL CEMETERY, Guide to, near 
Philadelphia, with numerous illustra- 
tions, the Designs and Drawings by Mr. 
John Notman. Royal 8vo. pp. 160. $3. 
Philadephia, 1844. 

LIPPARD, GEORGE. The Life and Choice 
Writings of, with portrait and fac simile. 
8vo. pp. 128. $1 00. N. York, 1855. 

LOCKE, RICHARD ADAMS. Lecture on 
Magnetism and Astronomy. Bvo. pp. 8. 
50 cents. New York, N. D. 

LOGAN, W. E. ET T. STERRY-HUNT. Es- 
quisse Geologique du Canada, pour servir 
a^'intelligence de la Carte Geologique et 
de la Collection des Mineraux Ecbno- 
miques envoyees a I'Exposition Univer- 
selle de Pads, 1855. 12mo. col'd map. 
pp. 100. $1 00. Paris, 1855. 

LOSKIEL, GEORGE HENRY. History of 
the Mission of the United Brethren 
among the Indians in North America, in 
three parts. Translated from the Ger- 
man by Christian Ignatius La Trobe. 8vo. 
pp. 159-234-256. $5. map. Lond.,1794. 

LOUISIANA. An Address to the Govern- 
ment of the United States on the Cession 
of Louisiana to the French, and on the 
late breach of Treaty by the Spaniards. 
8vo. pp. 56. 1803; Muni'oe's Embassy, 
or the conduct of the Government in re- 
lation to our claims to the Navigation of 
the Mississippi. 8vo. pp 57. 1803. An 
Account of Louisiana. 8vo. pp. 59. 1808. 
Appendix to the Account of Louisiana, 
being an Abstract of the Documents in 
the Department of State. 8vo. pp. 77. 
1803. $5 00. Philadelphia, 1803. 

QUiERO& M. B. The Controversy between 
M. B. and Qufero, which appeared in the 
Alexandria newspapers in the year 1817, 
on some points of Roman Catholicism, 
to which i.s added an appendix, contain- 
ing a brief notice of Luther, of Indul- 
gences, of the Inquisition, and of the 
Order of the Jesuits. By a Protestant. 
Very rare. 8vo. pp. 236. $3 00. 

Alexandria, 1818. 

M'CARTY, WILLIAM. National Songs, Bal- 
lads, and other Patriotic Poetry, chiefly 
relating to the war of 1846. 18mo. pp. 
144. 75 cents. Phila., 1846. 

McCULLOH, PROF. R. S. Letter from the 
Secretary of the Treasury, communicat- 
ing a report of chemical analysis of 
sugars, molasses, &c., and of researches 
on hydrometers, made under the super- 
intendence of Prof. A. D. Bache. 8vo. 
pp. 106. $1 00. Washington, 1845. 

MCFARLAND, ASA. An Historical View of 
Heresies, and Vindication of the Primi- 
tive Faith. 12mo. pp. 276. $1 00. 

Concord, 1806. 
map MCLAUGHLIN'S Quebec Directory, with a 
plan of the city, containing an Alpha- 
betical list of the Inhabitants generally. 
A Business Directory, &c. 12mo. pp. 
316. 63 cents. Quebec, 1857. 




■I^= 



MACKENZIE, HENRY. The Rights of Great 
Britain asserted against the claims of 
America, being an answer to the Declara- 
tion of the General Congress. The 
seventh edition, to which is now added a 
Refutation of Dri Price's State of the Na- 
tional Debt. 12mo. pp. 84. $1 00. 

London, 1776 

MACKENZIE, WILLIAM L. The Life and 

Times of Martin Van Buren, Benjamin 

F. Butler, and Jesse Hoyt, with the cor. 

respondence of their friends, families and 

impils, with brief notices, sketches and 

anecdotes. 2 vols. 8vo. paper cover. 

$2 00. New York' 1846. 

Tlic publication of these volumes pave .in much offence to 
the parlies concerned that they were prohibited from beinp 
sold at the time qf publication by injunction. The book 
made some uncomfortable revelations touching the actions 
and conduct of many of the leading Democratic politicians 
who figured largely during General Jackson's times. The 
compiler was charped with obtaining the documents which 
form the text of the„^e volumes surreptitiously by having 
purloined themfrom the Archives of the Custom House of 
JVeio York, where he was cmpknied then as a Clerk. 
Vv'estern Memorabilia. 

MAGLURE, WILLIAM. Opinions on Vari- 
ous Subjects. Dedicated to the Industri- 
ous. 3 vols! 8vo. pp. 480, 556, 328. $6, 
New Harmony, la., 1831-1838. 

MacJure was an associatefriend and co-laborer of Fanny 
Wright and Robert Dale Owen. 

MACLURE, WILLIAM. A Memoir of. Late 
President of the Academy of Natural 
Sciences of Philadelphia. By Samuel 
George Morton, M. D. With a Catalogue 
of his Writings. 8vo. pp. 39, portrait. 
SI 00. Philadelphia, 1841. 

MADAM RESTELL. An Account of her Life 
and Horrible Practices, together with 
Prostitution in New York, its extent, 
causes and effects upon Society. 12mo. 
pp. 48. 82 00. New York, 1847. 

MAMMOTH CAVE. Rambles in the, during 
the year 1844, by a visitor. 12mo pp. 
101. 5 plates. $1 25. Louisville, 1845. 

MANSFIELD, E. D. Exposition of the Na- 
tural Position of Mackinaw City, and 
the Climate, Soil and Commercial Ele- 
ments of the Surrounding Country. 8vo. 
pp. 47. two large maps. $1 00. 

Cincinnati, 1857. 

MARTIN, JOSEPH AND W. H. BROCKEN- 
BROUGH. A Comprehensive Descrip- 
tion of Virginia, and the District of Co- 
lumbia ; containing a copious collection 
of Geographical, Statistical, Political, 
Commercial, Religious, Moral and Mis- 
cellaneous Information, chiefly from or- 
iginal sources, by J. M. To wliieh is 
added a History of Virginia, from its 
first settlement to the year 1754, with an 
abstract of tire principal events from that 
period to the Independence of Virginia, 
by W. H. B. 8vo. §2 50. 

Richmond, Va., N. D. 

MASON, GEORGE C. Re-uniou of the Sons 
and Daughters of Newport, R. I., Au- 
' gust 23, 1859. 12rno. pp. 297. $1 50. 
Newport, R. I., 1859. 



MARVIN, HENRY. A Complete History cf 
Lake George ; embracing a great variety 
of information and compiled with an 
especial reference to meet the wants of 
the traveling community ; intended as 
a Descriptive Guide. Together with a 
complete history and present appearance 
of Ticonderoga. 18mo. pp. 102. Map. 
$1 00. New York, 1853. 

MASON, A , J. A Course of Lectures on the 
Geography, People and Institutions of 
the United States. 2 vols. 4to. In manu- 
script, unique. $6 00. 

London, 1841. 

Mason was by prcfession a ivood engraver and obtained 
some reputation as an artist in this department. He 
resided for nine years in the United States, and carried on 
business in the city of New York, in Canal street near 
Laurens. He afterwards returned to London, where he 
carried on business,ftn- a number of years, and as a pleasant 
recreation delivered lectures on various subjects, the result 
of which was the two volumes named above, i have been 
informed that he afterwards emigrated to Australia and 
underwent various fortunes, and there ended his earthly 
career. T. W. Strong, the popular, gifted and fortunate 
wood engraver and book publisher, was a pupil of Mason's. 
Western Memorabilia. 

MASSACHUSETTS. Speeches of the Govern- 
ors of, frofla 1765 to 1775 ; and the An- 
swers of the House of Representatives, 
to the same ; with their Resolutions and 
Addresses for that period, and other 
public papers. 8vo. pp. 424. $2 00. 

Boston, 1818. 

MATHER, COTTON. The Christian Philoso- 
pher; a collection of the best discoveries 
in nature with religious improvements. 
8vo. pp. 311. $2 25. London, 1721. 

MATTHEWS, J. M. Fifty Years in New 
York ; A Semi- Centennial Discourse 
Preached in the South Dutch Church. 
8vo. pp. 48. 50 cents. New York, 1858. 

MEEK, A. B. Romantic Passages in Southern 
History, including Orations, Sketches 
and Essays. 12mo. $1 25. 

New York, 1857. 

Contents: Snuth-West. its Character, Claims of Alaba- 
ma, History, De Soto First White Settlement in Alabama, 
Life of lied. Eagle, David Tait, Orations, Anecdotes, die., 
dc. 

MEMOIRS OF THE DEAD, and Tombs Re- 
membrancer. 12mo. pp. 300. $5 50. 
Baltimore, 1806. 

The compiler of this volume of Epitaphs states that the 
colUclion is formed entirely from inscriptions then to be 
found throughout the various burying grounds in the State 
qf Maryland. It is without doubt the first and only book 
qf the kind relating to that state. The diligent compiler has 
not favored thepublicwith his name, and inasmuch as he 
has not, le' him be here baptized tlie Old Mortality cf Ame- 
rica, w rather cf Maryland. 

MILLER, EDWARD. The Medical Works 
of, collected and accompanied with a 
Biographical Sketch of the Author by 
Samuel Miller, D. D. 2 portraits. Svo. 
pp. 502. $1 25. New York, 1814. 

MILLER, STEPHEN F. The Bench and Bar 
of Georgia ; Memoirs and Sketches, with 
an Api)endix, containing a Court Roll 
from 1790 to 1857, etc. 2 vols. Svo. 
$5 00. Philadelphia, 1858. 

MURRAY, JAMES. Sermons to Ministers of 
the State. 12mo. pp. 231. $1 50. 

London N. D. 



M- 



M 



SCAECE AMERICAN BOOKS. 



17 



MOORE, JACOB B. Annals of the Town of 
Concord, New Hampshire, from its first 
settlement, 1726 to 1S23, with several 
biographical sketches. To which is ad- 
ded, a memoir of the Penacook Indians. 
Svo. pp. 112. $1 25. Author's Autograph. 
Concord, 1824. 

MORRIS, ROBERT. Plan for establishing a 
National Bank for the United States of 
North America. To which is annexed 
a Resohition of Congress of the 26th of 
May, 1781, according thereto, and a par- 
ticular explanation of said Bank. Svo. 
pp. 11. $2 00. Philadelphia, 1781. 

MURRAY, JAMES (author of Sermons to 
Asses). The Lawfulness of Self Defence, 
explained and vindicated on Scripture 
Principle. 12mo. pamphlet. $1 25. 

Glasgow, 1798. 

NARRATIVE of the loss of the steam packet 
Home, Carleton White, master, on a 
voyage from New York to Chai-leston, 
with affidavits disproving the charge of 
misconduct against the master. Svo. 
pp. 36. $1 00. New York, 1838. 

NATIONAL AFFAIRS. A Letter to the Peo- 
ple of England, on the present situation 
and conduct of, relating to America. 
12mo. pr. pp. 58. $1 50. Loud., 1755. 

NATIONAL AFFAIRS. A Fourth Letter to 
the People of England, on the Conduct 

of the M rs in Alliances, Fleets and 

Armies,f since the first Difl^rences on the 
Ohio, to the taking of Minorca by the 
French. 12mo. pr. pp. 111. $2 50. 

London, 1756. 

NATIONAL INSTITUTE. Proceedings of, 

Bulletins and other Pami^hlets on the 

same subject, in all 15 pamphlets. $2 00. 

Wasliington, n. d. 

NEAL, JOHN. Logan, a Family History. 2 
vols. 12mo. boards. 82 00. 

Philadelphia, 1822. 

NEW BRUNSWICK, a Directory of the City 
of; for 1855 and 1856, with a Pre- 
face giving an historical account of the 
City of New Brunswick. 12mo. pp. 96, 
$1 00. New Brunswick. N. J., 1855. 

NEVIN, REV. ALFRED. Churches of the 
Valley ; or, An Historical Sketch of the 
OLl Presbyterian Congregations of Cuiu- 
berland and Franklin Counties in Penn- 
sylvania. 12mo. pp. 338. $1 50. 

Philadelphia, 1S52. 

NEW YORK. '^Asmodeus ; or The Iniquities 
of New York ; being a complete Expose 
of the Crimes, Doings and Vices, as Ex 
hibited in the Haunts of Gambling and 
Houses of Prostitution, both in High 
and Low Life, &c. Svo. pp. 96. $1 00. 
New York, 1849. 

NEW YORK PRESS. Sketches of the Char 
acter of tiie, by 0. P. Q , viz : Commer 
cial Advertiser, Evening Post, American, 
Courier and Enquirer. Journal of Com- 
merce, Albany Argus, Albany Evening 
Journal. Svo. $1 00. New York, 1S44 



NEW YORK COMMERCE. Annual Report 
of the Chamber of Commerce of the State 
of New York for the years 1858, '59, '60, 
with two large maps. First of the Bay 
and Harbor of New York, showing the 
Soundings from Harlem River to Sandy 
Hook ; second of the Canals and Rail 
Roads of the State of New York. 2 vols. 
Svo. cloth. $4 00. New York, 1859-60. 

NEW YORK. The Debates and Proceedings 
of the Convention of the State of. As- 
sembled at Poughkeepsie, on the 17th 
June, 1788, to deliberate and decide on 
the Form of Federal Government re- 
commended by the General Convention 
at Philadelphia, on the 17tli September, 
1787. Svo. pp. 144. uncut, original edi- 
tion. $5 00. New York, 17S8. 

NINETEENTH CENTURY. (The.) A Quar- 
terly Miscellany, 2 vols, in 1. Portraits. 
Svo. pp. 400, 460. 83 00. 

Philadelphia, 1848. 
" Full of stranoe, Utopian notions." 

NOAH, M. M. Discourse on the Restoration 
of the Jews, with a map. Svo. pp. 55. 
$1 00. Now York, 1845. 

NOTT, JOSIAH C. Two Lectures on the 
Connection between the Biblical and 
Physical History of Man. Svo. with a 
Map. $1 25. New York, 1S49. 

NOVA SCOTIA MAGAZINE (The) and Com- 
prehensive Review of Literature, Politics, 
and News. 5 vols, from 1789 to 1792. 
Svo. 812 50. Halifax, 1789-92, 

This is without doubt the first Magazine, published in the 
province of Nova Scotia, and it certainly is a very rare 
bnol: Thefirst article is a Life of Wdlinin Alexander 
Earl of Stirling, and among the last, " The Negro liquated 
by Jew Europeans." 

OBERLIN QUARTERLY REVIEW. Edited 
by A. Mahan and W. Cockran, contain- 
ing much important matter. Book of Job, 
Secret Societies, Brisbane's Writings, 
Dr. Chalmers, Moses, &c., &c. Svo. pp, 
510. 82 00. Oberlin, 1845. 

OLIVE BRANCH. An answer to certain parts 
of a work published by Matthew Carey, 
entitled " Tiie Olive Branch, or Faults 
on Both Sides," , by a Federalist. 12mo. 
pp. 231, 81 00." New York, 1816. 

PAGES from the Ecclesiastical Histoi-y of 
New England during the century be- 
tween 1740 and 1840. 12mo. pp. 126. 
50 cents. New York, 1847. 

PAINE, THOMAS. Work.s of, to which is 
added Miscellaneous Pieces in Prose and 
Verse, originally published in the Penn- 
sylvania Magazine, in the year 1775. 
First collected American edition, 2 vols. 
Svo. 86 50. Excessively rare. 

Philadelphia, 1797. 

PAMPHLETS. A Catalogue of the Library 
of Yale College in New Haven, pp. 46. 
Compiled by Prof. Clap. N. Loudon, 
1743; Introduction to the study of Phi- 
losophy, for the use of Pupils, by a 
gentleman educated at Yale College, 
1731. A Letter to Mr. Dickinson's Re- 



^^ 



18 



GOWANS' CATALOGUE OP 



marks upon Dr. Waterland, by J. Wet- 
more, New York, 1744 ; Art of Preach- 
iBg, a poem; No title. Grammar of the 
English Tongue. New York, no date ; 
Catechism for Young Children, by S. 
Johnson, D. D. New York, no date; 
A Sermon by R. Viets. Hartford, 1765. 
Ground and Nature of Christian Redemp- 
tion. Philadelphia, 1768. In one vol. 
18mo. $5 00. V. D. 

This is in all probability the first book catalogue pub- 
lished in North America. It is certainly a very sorry at- 
tempt at catalogue making. It has all the characteristics 
of primitive rudeness, coarse paper, rude type and defect- 
ive compilation, (£c., dc It is, however, a typographical as 
well as literary curiosity. 

It is to catalogue maldng now ivhat the Indian canoe is 
to the majestic ocean steamer. 

PAMPHLETS. Egbert Benson's Memoir of. 
Relating to Names peculiar to New Nether- 
lands. Jamaica, 1825 ; Political Tables, 
Population of the States, Votes of the 
Elections of 1824, 1826 and 1828 ; Deli 
ciaj PoeticfB, Bat., 1783. 12mo. Half 
calf $2 50. V. D. 

PAMPHLETS. An attempt to show that 
America must have been known to the 
Boston, 1773. 
A brief narra- 



PETERS, REV. HUGH. God's Doings and 
Man's Duty, opened in a sermon preached 
before both Houses of Parliament, the 
Lord Maior and Aldermen of the city of 
London, and the Assembly of Divines, 
at the last Thanksgiving Day, April 2, 
for the recovery of the West, and dis- 
banding 5000 of the King's Horse, &c. 
4to. pp. 50. Half calf neat. $4 00. 

London. 1646. 

PETERS, REV. HUGH. A History of the 
Life, Chaplain to the Lord Protector, with 
an appendix by Rev. Samuel Peters. 
Portrait (a little stained). 8vo. pp. 155. 
$1 50. New York, 1807. 

PHILADELPHIA. Observations on a Variety 
of Subjects, Literary, Moral and Reli- 
gious, in a Series of Original Letters, 
written by a Gentleman of Foreign Ex- 
traction, who resided some time in Phi- 
ladelphia. 12mo. pp. 241. 85 00. 

Philadelphia, 1774. 



Ancients, by J. Belknap 
Indian Charity School : 
tive of the Indian Charity School at Le 
banon. Conn., New England, by Eleazer 
Whitlock. London, 1767; "idea of 
Beauty, according to the Doctrine ofj 
Plato. Ed., 1756'"; An Enquiry into the 
Inward Call to the Holy Ministry. Bris- 
tol, 1743 ; Hammond's Love Elegies. 
London, 1753 ; The Rat Trap, dedicated 
to Lord Mansfield. London, 1783 ; and 
others, bound in one vol. $5 00. 

London, V. D. 
PAMPHLETS. Pemberton's Sermons, Pres- 
byterian Church, New York; Boston, 
1738. Pemberton's Sermon at the Ordi- 
nation of Walter Wilmot, at Jamaica, 
Long Island, April 12, 1738. To which 
is added a Discourse by Jonathan Dick- 
inson ; Boston, 1738. Pemberton's Ser- 
mon on the Death of John NicoU, M. D., 
Oct. 2, 1743; New York, 1743. A Poem 
on the Death of Dr. Nicoll; History of 
Josei>li, a poem ; Lond., 1738. Stephen 
Ducks, Curious Poems [the English 
Burns) ; London, 1738. Thoughts on 
Religion, Natural and Revealed, and the 
manner of ixnderstanding Revelation 
showing that Christianity is indeed very 
near as old as Creation ; London, 1735 
All in one vol. $5 00. V. D 

PEET, REV. STEPHEN. History of the 
Presby. and Congregational Churches 
and Ministers in Wisconsin, including 
an account of the organization of the 
convention, and the plan of union. 
18mo, pp. 208. $1 00. 

Milwaukee, 1851 

PETERS, REV. HUGH. An Historical Ac 
count of, after the manner of Mr. Bayle. 
Portrait. 4to. pp. 41. SI 00. 

London, 1818 



Contents : Description of Philadelphia and Pennsylva- 
nia, Charles Marshall of New York, James Letters, Ame 
lican Ladies, Account of the Bunkers, Harding, Pastor of 
the Roman Catholic Church, Character qf Mittenhouse, 
Character qf the Methodist, American Poetry, Godfrey, 
Enens, &c., <£c. This is one cf the early miscellaneous 
literary productions indigenous to Philadelphia, written 
a7id published in the city of brotherly love, prior to the 
Pevolulicn. • It possesses a curious interest, inasmuch as it 
gives some insight-into the condition of men and things, 
at that time in the capital qf the British Colonial Possessions 
in Nortli America. 



PITT, WILLIAM. The Speech of the Right 
Honorable, on a motion for the Aboli- 
tion of the Slave Trade, in the House of 
Commons, on Monday, 2d of April, 1792. 
12mo. pp. 32. 61 00. London, 1792. 

POLICE DEPARTMENT. Report of the Com- 
mittee in relation to the Reoi'ganization 
of the Police Department of the City of 
New York. 2 maps. 8vo. bds. $1 50. 
New York, 1844. 

POLITICKS and Views of a Certain Party Dis- 
played. 8vo. pp. 30. $1 00. 

American Printed, 1790. 

POOR RICHARD'S ALMANAC (Ben Frank- 
lin). Including all his Wise Sayings, 
Maxims and Doggerel Distiches, with a 
Life of Franklin by himself. Portrait 
and plates, a combination of the years 
1733, 1734, 1735, 1736, 1737, 1738, 1739, 
1740 and 1742. Put up in three parts. 
Paper cover. $3 00. 

A coivi of an original edition qf the above loas laidy 
sold in New York fvr £.50 UO. 

PREVOST, SIR GEORGE. Some Account 
of the Public Life of the late Lieut. - 
Gen., particularly of his services in the 
Canadas, including a reply to the stric- 
tures on his military character. Svo. half 
calf. pp. 296. §2 00. London, 1823. 

PRIOR, GEORGE. United States Commer- 
cial Register, containing sketches of the 
Lives of Distinguished Merehunts, Manu- 
facturers and Artisans, with an advertis- 
ing Directory at its close. 12mo. pp. in 
all 381. $1 "50. New York, 1851. 

Namclv : Stephen Girard, J. J. Jstor, W. Gray, &mmel 

Slater, Gideon Lee, Eli Whitney, Matlheiu Carey, dc, &c 



WL 



§s= 



PSALMS OF DAVID. Specimens selected 
from recent translations of. ISmo. pp. 
80. $1 00. Publislied by the compiler 
D. L. Proudfit. Newburtrh, N. Y., 1841. 

QUARLL, PHILIP. The Hermit, or, the un- 
paralleled suiferings and .'surprising ad- 
ventures of an Enejlishman who \Fas 
discovered by Mr. Dorrinton, a Bri.'Jtol 
Merchant, upon an uninhabited island in 
South Sea ; where lie lived about fifty 
years, without any human assistance. 
18mo. pp. 276. $1 50. 

Gainsborough, 1801. 

QUINCY, JOSIAH, JR. Observations on the 
Act, of Parliament commonly called the 
Boston Port Bill; with Thoughts on Civil 
Society and Standing Armies. Svo. pp. 
60. S3 00. Top of the title page a little 
mutilated. Boston, 1774. 

RAFINE&QUE, 0. S. Atlantic Journal and 
Friend of Knowledge, in 8 numbers, 
containing about 160 original articles and 
tracts, on Natural and Historical Sciences, 
the Description of about 150 New Plants 
and 100 New Animals or Fossils. Many 
Vocabularies of Languages, Historical 
and Geological Facts, &c. &c. Svo. pp. 
212. 83 00. Philadelphia, 1832-3t 

RALEIGH, SIR WALTER. A Declaration of 
the Demeanor and Cariag^ of Sir Walter 
Raleigh, Knigbt, as well in his Voyage, 
as in and sithence his Return ; and of the 
true motives and inducements which oc- 
casioned his Maiestie to Proceed in dociug 
Justic upon liim as hath, been done. 
4to. pp. 64. $5 00. 

B. Norton, London, mdcxviii. 

RALEIGH, SIR WALTER. The Prerogative 
Parliaments in England. Proved in a 
Dialogue between a Counsellor of State 
and a Justice of Peace. Dedicated to 
the King's Majesty, and to the House of 
Parliament now assembled. Preserved 
to be now happily (in these distracted 
times) published. 4to. pp. 70. $5 00. 

London, 1640. 

RALEIGH, SIR WALTER. Three Discourses 
of, 1. Of a War with Spain, and our pro- 
tecting the Netherlands, written by the 
command of King James I, in the first 
year of his Reign, 1602. 2. Of the Or- 
iginal and Fundamental Cause of Natural 
Arbitrary and Civil War. 3. Of Eccle- 
siastical Power. Publislied by Philip 
Raleigh, Esq., his only grandson. 12mo. 
calf. pp. 210. $2 00. London, 1702, 

RAMSAY, DAVID. Universal History Ame- 
ricanized ; or, an Historical View of the 
World, from the Earliest Records to the 
year 1808, with a particular reference to 
the State of Society, Literature, Religion, 
and form of Government in the United 
States of America. To which is annex- 
ed a supplement, containing a brief view 
of History, from the year 1808 to the 
Battle of Waterloo. In 12 vols. Svo 
bds. $18 00. Philadelphia, 1819 



RAMBLES AND REVERIES of an Art-Stu- 
dent in Europe. Svo. pp. 208. Private- 
Iv printed. $2 00. Philadelphia, 18.55. 

RAMSEY, WILLIAM. Church Debts; their 
Origin, Evils and Cure. 12mo. pp. 159. 
4 plates, $1 00. Philadelphia, 1851. 

RAYMOND, WM. Biographical Sketches of 
the Distinguished Men of Columbia 
County (State of New York), including 
an account of the most important offices 
they held in the State and General Go- 
vernment and in the Army and Navy. 
Svo. Half bound in green morocco. .$3* 
Albany, N. Y., 1851. 

REDFIELD, WILLIAM C. An Address on 
the Scientific Life and Labors of William 
C. Redfield, A. M., first President of the 
American Association of Science, deliv- 
ered before the Association at the annual 
meeting, August 14, 1S57, by Dennison 
Olmsted, LL.D. To which is added a 
list of the published books and papers 
of the late William C. Redfield. Num- 
bers in all, 62. Svo. pp. 28. Portrait. 
81 25. New Haven, 1857. 

ROBINSON, RICHARD P. Murder Most 
Foul, a synopsis of the Speeches of Og- 
den Hoifman, Thomas Phenix, Hugh 
Maxwell, Judge Edwards, &c., on the 
trial of, for the Murder of Ellen Jewett. 
12mo. $2 00. New York, N. D. 

ROGERS, ROBERT. A Concise Account of 
North America, containing a description 
of the several British Colonies on that 
Continent, including the Islands of New- 
foundland, Cape Breton, cScc, as to their 
situation, extent, climate, soil, produce, 
rise, government, religion, present 
boundaries and inhabitants, also rivers 
and great lakes ; account of several Na- 
tions or Tribes of Indi.ans residing in 
these parts, as to their customs, manners, 
government, numbers, &c. Svo. Half 
calf. pp. 272. $5 00. Lond., 1765. 

ROSS, ALEXANDER. Adventures of the 
first settlers on the Oregon or Columbia 
river, being a narrative of the expedition 
fitted out by John Jacob Astor, to estab- 
lish the ''Pacific Fur Company," with 
an account of some Indian Tribes on the 
Coast of the Pacific. 12mo. cl. pp. 372. 
map. $1 75. London, 1849. 

ROSS, ROBERT. The American Latin Gram- 
mar, or a complete introduction to the 
Latin Tongue, to which is now first added 
a vocabulary. 12mo. pp. 163. With co- 
pious manuscript notes, and autograph 
of C. C. Beachley. §1 00. 

New York, 1770. 

RUMFORD (Benjamin, Count of). Essays, 
Political, Economical and Philosophical. 
3v. Svo. calf. London, 1802, 

SEMINOLE WAR. Debate in the House of 
Representatives of the United States, on 
the, in January and February, 1819. 
12mo. pp. 591. $1 50. 

Washington, 1819. 



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GOWANS' CATALOGUE OF 



S^: 



SAVAGE BEAUTY (The). A novel, by a 
Wild American. 12mo..pp. 136. $1 00 
Philadelphia, 1820, 

SHEPARD, THOMAS. The Parable of the 
Ten Virgins opened and applied, being 
the substance of divers sermons on 
Matth. 25, 1-13. fol. pp. 448. 85 00. 

London, 1660. 

SIDNEY, ALGERNON. A Vindication of 
the Measures of the Present Adminis- 
tration (Jefferson^s Mministration) . 4to. 
pp. 16. 61 00. Trenton, 1803. 

SLAUGHTER, P. The Virginian History of 

African Colonization. 8vo. pp. 116. $1. 

Richmond, Va., 1855. 

" Africa, gave to Virginia a savage and a. slave ; Virginia 
gave back to Africa a citizen and a christian." —Jleavy A. 
Wise. 

SLUYTER, REV. RICHARD. A memoir of 
late pastor of Ref. Prot. Dutch Church of 
Claverack, N. Y., by R. Ormiston Currie, 
with an introduction by Rev. P. Milledo- 
ler, D. D. 12mo. Portrait. 50 cents. 

New York, 1846. 

SMITH, HENRY MOORE. The Mysterious 

Stranger, or Memoirs of , alias 

Henry F. Moon, alias Wm. Hewman, 
who is now confined in Simsbury Mines, 
in Connecticut, for burglary, &c., by 
Walter Bates. 18mo. half mor. pp. 108. 
63 00. New Haven, 1816. 

SMITH, WILLIAM. The Works of, con- 
sisting of Funeral and other Sermons, 
Eulogies on Dr. Franklin and General 
Montgomery ; The Hermit, in eight 
numbers ; Philosophical Meditations ; 
Account of the College of Philadelphia, 
1753 ; Three Masonic Sermons, Letters, 
Thanksgiving; Military Convention; 
Consecration and Cincinnati Sermons. 
2 vols. 8vo. half calf. 64 00. 

Philadelphia, 1803. 

Dr. Smith was a native of Scotland, and received his 
education at the university of Aberdeen, where he gradual 
ed in the year VI il . He afterwards emigralcd to Amer 
ica. He ivas ordained an Episcopal clergyman (while on 
a visit to England), 1753. He was for a long time provost 
(if the College cf Fhiladelpliia. He was born 1729 and 
died 1803. His wojiis were published in 2 vols, Svo. 

SPIRIT OF THE PILGRIMS (The), from 
1828 to 1833, both inclusive. 6 vols. 
8vo. About 750 pages each, a complete 
set. $6 75. Boston, 1828-33. 

SPRING, SAMUEL. Moral Disquisitions, 
and Strictures on the Rev. David Tap- 
I.)an's Letters to Philalethes. 12mo. pp. 
252. 62 00. Newburyport, 1789. 

The author was l/te Father cf Gardner Spring. Auto- 
graph qf' Jonathan Maxcy. 

SQUIER, E. G. Observations on the Abori- 
ginal Monuments of the Mississippi Val 
ley ; the character of the Ancient Earth 
Works, and the structure, contents and 
purposes of the mounds; with notices of 
the minor Remains of Ancient Art. 
With illustrations. 8vo. pp. 79. 61 00. 
New York, 1847. 

STONE, WM. L. Tales and Sketches, such 
as they are. 2 vols. 12mo. j)p. 258 and 
258. $1 50. New York, 1834 



ST. JOHN, J. HECTOR. Letters from an 
American Farmer, describing certain pro- 
vincial situations, manners and customs, 
and conveying some idea of the state of 
the people of North America. Written 
to a friend in England. 12mo. pp. 240. 
62 00. Philadelphia, 1793. 

ST. LOUIS. History of commercial statis- 
tics, improvements of the year and ac- 
count of the leading manufactories, &c. 
From the Missouri Republican of Jan- 
uary 10, 1854. 8vo. pp. 48. Map. 

61 25. St. Louis, 1854. 
STEVENS, JOHN. Abstract of the Title of, 

to lands in East Chester, on behalf of 
the New York Industrial Home Associa- 
tion, No. 1. 12mo. pp. 143. Privately 
printed, 65 00. New York, 1851. 

STUART, MOSES. A Discourse on the Life 
and Services of. Delivered in the city of 
New York, January 25, 1852. By Wil- 
liam Adams. 8vo. pp. 71. 75 cents. 

New York, 1852. 

TENNESSEE GOVERNMENT. A short de- 
scription of the, or the Territory of the 
United States, south of the Ohio rivur. 
8vo. pp. 20. 61 00. Philadelphia, 1793. 

TENNENT, GILBERT. Sermons on Impor- 
tant Subjects; Adapted to the Perilous 
State of the British Nation, lately 
preached in Philadelphia. 8vo. pp. 4G2. 

62 50. ■ Philadelphia, 1758. 
THOMAS, ISAIAH, The History of Print- 
ing in America; with a biography of 
Printers and an account of newspapers. 
To which is prefixed a concise view of 
the discovery and progress of the art in 
other parts of the world. 2 vols. 8vo. 
pp. 487 and 576. A beautiful, clean, 
perfect, and very desirable copy. Half 
bound and cornered in calf. 620 00. 

Another copy. 2 vols. 8vo. Sheep. 
615 00. Worcester, 1810. 

THOMAS, GABRIEL. An Historical and 
Geographical Account of the Province 
and Country of Pennsylvania and of 
West New Jersey, in America; the rich- 
ness of the soil, the sweetness of the 
situation, the wholesomene.ss of the air, 
the navigable i-ivers and others, the pro- 
digious increase of corn, &c., &c. 12mo. 
pp. 100. 61 50. Reprint, New York, 
1848. London, 1698. 

THOMPSON, L. Guide to Lake George, Lake 
Champlain, Montreal and Quebec, with 
maps and tables of routes and distances 
from Albany, Burlington, Montreal, &c. 
24mo. pp. 48. 40 cts. Burlington, 1845. 

THOUGHTS on the Origin and Nature of 
Government. Occasioned by the late 
disputes between Great Britain and her 
American Colonies. Written in the year 
1766. 12mo. pp. 64. 61- London, 1769. 

TOPLADY, REV. A. M. Remarks on "Ame- 
rican Uuitarianism." By Amana, also. 
Two letters to Dr. Priestly. 8vo. pp. 36. 
61 00. Boston, 1815. 



SCARCE AMERICAN BOOKS. 



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THEATRICAL CONTRIBUTION of "Jac- 
ques," to the United States Gazette; 
being an account of the performances at 
the new Theatre, Philadelphia, of 1825- 
6. 24mo. pp. 188. $1 50. Phila. 1826. 
TOBACCO. The case of the Planters of To- 
bacco in Virginia, as Represented by 
themselves; signed bv the President of 
the Council, and Speaker of the House 
of Burgesses, to which is added, a vin- 
dication of the said representation. 12mo. 
pp. 64. 61 50. London, 1733. 

TOMBS. Ten days in the Tombs, or a key 
to the Modern Bastile. By John McGinn. 
12mo. pp. 122. $2 00. New York, 1858. 
TRIPLETT, F. F. G. History of the House 
of Representatives of the 34th Congress, 
1855-57. 8vo. pp. 31. $1 00. 

Washington, 1857. 
TUCKER, GIDEON J. Names of Persons 
for whom Marriage Licenses were issued 
by the Secretary of the State of New 
York, previous to 1789. Svo. pp. 480. 
62 00. Albany, 1860. 

UNCAS AND MIANTONOMOH. A histo- 
rical discourse, delivered at ''Norwich, 
Conn., on the fourth day of July, 1842, 
on the occasion of the ere-tion of a 
monument to the memory of Uucas, the 
white man's friend, and first chief of the 
Mohegans. By William L. Stone. 18mo. 
7o cents. New York, 1842_ 

"If kind sympathy and discriminating eulogy can 
make any amends for the injustice which the red man 
has suffered from his pale-faced brother, his shade might 
be appeased by the posthumous com.passion and praise 
which he receives. None ainong Ms ad7nirers and his- 
torians have been more industrious or successful in 
their labors of love than Col. Stone. Brant and Red- 
Jacket are indebted'to him, for much of their fame, and 
Uncas has noiv receired a similar favor. The exciting 
incidents of his life are narrated in the author's fluent 
and pleasant style, and the allusions to the contemporary 
events in the history of the English emigrants, render 
it a valuable contribution to tlie records of that period.'" 

UNION, THE, Past and Future; How it 
Works and How to Save It. By a Vir- 
ginian. 8vo. pp. 43. 61 00. 

Charleston, S. C, 1850. 
UNITARIAN TRACTS. Tracts of the Ame- 
rican Unitarian Association. 12 vols. 
12mo. Half bound. 66 50, 

Boston, 1827-1839. 

This collection consists of dissertations, essays, letters 
and treatises by the ablest advocates among tliat denom- 
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tors will be found the names of Channing, Dewey, 
Worcester, Greenwood, Young, Furnas, Ware, Oilman, 
Locke, Palfrey, Pierpont, Peabody, Noyes, Walker, 
Martineau, ^c, ^c. 

UNITED STATES JAPAN EXPLORING EX- 
PEDITION under Commodore Perry. 
Illustrated with a vast number of plain 
and colored engravings, maps, wood cuts, 
&c., &c. 3 vols. 4to. 618 Wash., 1856. 

This magnificent national work is adorned with IS 
pages of Icighly colored objects in Aatural History, num- 
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rupeds, <£c., 75 Tinted Views, 17 Tinted Portraits of Vis- 
tinguislied Asiatics, over 100 wood cuts, 20 maps, 16 Dia- 
grams, Z pages of oriental colored drawings. Vol. 3 cni- 
bracestlie observations on the Zodiacal Light in 352 ouUmc 
plates, dc, die. ^ 



^z 



UNITED STATES LAWS. Acts passed at a 
Congress of the United States of Ame- 
rica held in the City of New York, March 
4th, 1789. Svo. pp. 185. $1 50. 

These arc the first acts 'passed hy the Covgre^s qf the 
United Slates, which was held in the City of A^eiu York. 

VALLETTE, ELI. The Deputy Commissary's 
Guide, with the Province of Maryland, 
together with plain, sufficient directions 
for Testators to form and Executors to 
perform their wills and testaments; for 
Administrators to complete their adrain- 
istra'tions, and for every person any way 
concerned in deceased jiersons' estates, to 
proceed therein with safety to themselves 
and others. Svo. 65. Annapolis, 1774. 
Among tlie earliest boolis printed in Maryland. 

VAN BUREN, MARTIN. Speech of, in the 
Senate of the State of New York, on the 
act to carry into effect the act of the 13th 
April, 1819, for the settlement of the late 
Governor's Accounts. Svo. pp. 37. 61- 
Albany, 1820. 

VAN BUREN, MARTIN. Debates in the Sen- 
ate of the United States on his nomina- 
tion as Minister of the United States to 
Great Britain. Svo. pp.55, uncut. 61. 
January 24 and 25, 1832. Sine Loco. 

VENUS PHYSIQUE. Nontenant Deux Disser- 
tations, L'une sur L'Origine des Hommes 
et des Animaiix : et L'Autre sur L'Ori- 
gine des Noirs. ISmo. pp. 168. 66 00. 
Excessively rare. A La Haye, 1746. 

Of this remarkably scarce book treating 071 the Origin 
of the Negro Race, no copy isknoivn to be in any public 
Library in America. 

WALL STREET. A Week in Wall street, by 

one who knows. 12mo pp.162. 81 00. 

New York, 1841. 

WARE, MARY L. Memoir of, wife of Henry 
Ware, Jr., liy Edward B. Hall. Portrait. 
12mo. clolh. pp. 440.' $1 00. 

Boston, 1854. 

WARREN, LIEUT. G. K. Explorations in 
the Dacota country, in the year 1855. 
Svo. half mor. large folding map in 
pocket, pp. 85. 63 00. 

Washington, 185 6 

WATER. Report of Committee on Com- 
merce and Navigation, in relation to es- 
tablishing water lines for part of the 
harbor of New York. Svo. pp. 8. large 
folding map of New York harbor. 61 00. 
Albany, 1856. 

WEBSTER, NOAH. Dissertations on the 
English language, with notes historical 
and critical. To which is added, by way 
of an appendix, an essay on a Reformed 
Mode of Spelling, with Dr. Franklin's 
Arguments on the Subject. Svo. pp_ 
410. $5. Isaiah Thomas, Boston, 1789. 

Tins volume, besides much other curious matter, contains 
the Lord's Prayer in 26 languages, cliicjiy t/tose (if the north 
of Europe. 

WEBSTER, DANIEL. An Address delivered 
before the N. Y. Hist. Society. Feb. 23, 
1852. Svo. port. pp. 57. $1 00. 

New York, 1852 



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WEBSTER, PELATIAH. Political Essays on 
the Nature and Operation of Money, Pub- 
lic Finances, and other subjects. Pub 
lished during the American War, and 
continued up to the present year, 1791. 
8vo. pp. 512. $2 50. Fhila., 1791. 

WEEMS, M. L. Pamphlets, namely : God's 

Revenge against Adultery, Crim. Con., 

Drunkenness, Duelling, Gambling. In 

all, four rare j^ieces. curious plates. $3. 

Philadelphia, 1818, &c. 

WELLINGS, JAMES H. Directory of the 
city of Detroit, and Register of Michigan, 
for the year 1846, containing an epito- 
mized history of Detroit, &c. 12mo. pp. 
113. 61 50. Detroit, 1846. 

WEMYSS, F. C. Theatrical biography of 
eminent authors, by F. C. ' Wemyss. 
port. 20 biographies. Census of the 
city of Savannah, together with statis- 
tics relating to Trade, Commerce, &c., 
with historical notices, by Joseph Ban- 
croft, map, pp. 96. 1848. The Twenty- 
tifth of May, or a Cruise in the La Plata, 
pp. 161. 1852. l2mo. half bound. $2. 
New York and Savannah, V. D. 

WESTERN SOUVENIR, THE. A Christmas 
and New Year's Gift. For 1829. Edited 
by James Hall. 18mo. pp. 324. four pi. 
$1 00. ' Cincinnati, 1829. 

This is the first annual published in the Western States. 
The contributors are quite numerous, all Western autliors; 
among them will be found James Hall, Timothy Mint, 
Benjamin Dralx, die. 

WHITEFIELD, GEORGE, The Two First 
Parts of his Life, with his journals. Revis- 
ed, corrected and abridged. 12mo. pp. 
446. $3 00. London, 1716. 

One of these journals was written during the author'' s 
tour in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York and 
Rhode Island. 

WILCOX, REV. CARLOS. Remains, con- 
sisting of Me'moir, Age of Benevolence, 
a poem. The Religion of Taste and Four- 
teen Sermons. 8vo. pp. 430. $5 00. 
very scarce. Hartford, Ct., 1828. 

WILKINSON, GENERAL. Burr's Conspiracy 
Exposed and General Wilkinson Vindi- 
cated, against the slanders of his ene- 
mies. Svo. pp. 136. $2 00, 

Washington, 1811 

WILLOCK, JOHN. The Voyages and Adven- 
tures of, interspersed with remarks on 
ditfereut countries in Europe, Africa and 
America, with the customs and manners 
and anecdotes. 12mo. pp. 278. $3 00. 
Philadelphia, Sine Anno. 

WILLARD, JOSEPH. An Address to the 
Members of the Bar of Worcester County, 
Massachusetts, October 2d. Svo. pp. 
144. $1 00. Lancaster, 1830. 

WILLIAMS, CAPT. GRIFFITH. An Account 
of the Island of Newfoundland, with the 
nature of its Trade, and method of carry- 
ing on the Fishery, &c., with a Plan to 
exclude the French from that Trade 
proposed in 1761 by Capt. Cole. 8vo 
Ijp. 35. $3 00. London, 1765. 



WILLIAMS, ROGER. A Key into the Lan- 
guage of America, or an help to the lan- 
guage of the natives in that part of Ame- 
rica called New England; together with 
briefe observations of the customs, man- 
ners and worships, &c., of the aforesaid 
natives, in peace and warre, in life and 
death. On all which are added spiritual 
observations, general and particular, by 
the author, of chiefe and speciall use (up- 
on all occasions) to all English inhabiting 
those i)arts; yet pleasant and profitable 
to the view of all men. 8vo. pp. 181. 
uncut. $5 00. London, 1643, Reprint. 
Providence, Rhode^Island, 1827. 
This copy is copiously interspersed on every pagewith 
manuscript additions and corrections by the hand of 
some diligent philologist, to which is added a facsimile 
of Roger Williams^ hand-writing. An original edition 
of this grammar has been sold as high as $1B0 00, and 
loould noio bring double that ainount. 

WILLESTON, E. B. Eloquence of the United 
States, Compiled by E. B. Willeston. 5 
vols. Svo. calf, very neat. §12 00. 

Middletown, Conn., 1827. 

WITHERSPOON, REV. JOHN. Sermon on 
the Religious Education of Children. 
Preached in New York 2d Sabbath m 
May. Svo. pp. 22. Original edition. 
§1 00. Elizabethtown, 1789. 

ZENGER, JOHN PETER. The Trial of, of 
New York, Printer, who was Tried and 

I Acquitted for Printing and Publishing a 
Libel against the Government, with 
pleadings and arguments on both sides. 
Svo. pp. 74. §1 25. London, 1752. 

ZENI, NICHOLAS AND ANTONIO. The 
Discouverie of the Isles of Frisiand, Ise. 
land, Engroneland and Estoliland, Diogeo 
and Icaria, made by two brothers, N. and 
H. Zeni, gathered out of these letters by 
M. Francisco Marcolino. Folio, pp. 8. 
$5 50. Sme Loco, Sine Anno. 

This voyagejf tlie brothers Zeni appears to have been 
a portion at one time of HakluyVs Collection of Voyages. 
The text is in black letter. 



ZAMBA. The Life and Adventures of. An 
African Negro King, and his experience 
of Slavery in South Carolina. Hy him- 
self. Corrected and arranged by Peter 
Neilson. 12mo. Portrait, pp 278. $2 00. 
Loudon, 1847. 

PRIEST, JOSIAH. American Antiquities 
and Discoveries in the West ; being an 
exhibition of the evidence that an 
ancient population of partially civilized 
nations diffei-ing entirely from those of 
the present Indians peopled America 
many centuries before its discovery by 
Columbus, and inquiries into their origin, 
with a copious description of many of 
their stupendous works, now in ruins, 
•&c. Svo. Plates, pp. 400. $2 00. 

Albany, 1835 



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JEFFERSON, THOMAS. '. A Manual of Par- 
liamentary Practice for the Use of the 
Senate of the United States. 24mo. 
Calf. $2 50. Washington, 1812. 

T/ds is Ji^ffcrscin^s own copy, it subsequenily became the 
property (if Dr. John W. Francis. 

SPY. Letters written in London by an Ame- 
rican Spy. From the year 1764 to the. 
year 1785. 12mo. pp. 188. 83 00. 

London, 1786. 

MONIS, JUDAH. Dickdook Leshon Gneb- 
reet. A Grammar of the Hebrew 
Tougne, being an essay to bring the He- 
brew Grammar into English, to facilitate 
the instruction of all those who are de- 
sirous of acquiring a clear idea of this 
primitive tongue by their own studies. 
Publislied more especially for the use of 
the students of Harvard College at Cam- 
bridge, in New England. 4to. pp. 100 
$12 00. Boston, N. E., 1735 

TJiis is the first ITcbrr.w Grammar published in America, 
and in consegue.nre, like the first voyage of Columbus, pos- 
sesses considerable interest. The author was an Italian 
Jew: he eviigrated to America about 1720. In \122 he 
loas appointed. Hebrew instructor in Harvard University 
and occupied this position for forty years ; he died aped 
eighty-one. He professed to embrace Christianity, but some 
doubts were entertained of his sincerity. His works are 
three discourses, delivered, at his baptism, one entitled '■ Tlie 
Iruth," anotlier " The Wiole Truth," and the third "Noth- 
ing but the Tndh ," and a Hebrew Grammar. His manu- 
script of the Hebrew Grammar is still preserved in the 
College Museum. 

PAMPHLETS. Hayne's celebrated speech on 
Foote's Resolution. Correspondence be 
tween John Adams, late President of the 
U. S., and W. Cuningham. Review of 
the Correspondence between John Adams 
and W. Cuningham, by T. Pickering and 
others. Thick 8vo. $3 00. V. D 

COBBETT, WILLIAM. A Year's Residence 
in the U. S. of America. Treating of the 
face of the countr}', climate, soil, pro- 
ducts, mode of cultivating the land, 
prices of land, labour, food, of expenses 
of housekeeping, manner of living, man- 
ners and customs of the people, &c. &c. 
In 2 parts. 8vo. Half mor. pp. 610. 
Map. S3 00. London, 1819. 

NEW YORK STATE. The Annual Reports 
of the Geological Surveyors of the State 
of. Made to the General Assembly of 
New York. From the commencement, 
1836 to 1841, both inclusive. 6 parts. 
Royal 8vo. Uncut. $7 00. 

Albany, 1836-41. 
Ditto. 1837, 38, 40 and 1841. Each $1 00. 

DICTIONNAIRE UNIVERSEL. Historique, 
Critique et Bibliographique, neuvieme 
edition, revue, corrigee et augmentee de 
16,000 articles, environne, par une Societe 
de Savans Franc^ais et etrangers. 20 vols. 
8vo. 8-i2 50. Paris, 1810-12. 

PHILADELPHIA. Journal of the Academy 
of Natural Sciences. Vols. 1, 2, 4. 
$4 50. Philadelphia, 1824. 

The gifted and enthusiastic Tliomas Say loas a. large con 
tributor to these volumes ; also Nuitall, Le Sueur, S. IHtliot' 
J. Green, S. C. liafmesque, R. Harlan, I). Godman' 
Cltarles Bonaparte and many other distinguished natural' 
ists. 



NEW ENGLAND (The), Historical and Gen- 
ealogical Register, published quarterly, 
under the patronage of the New England 
Historic -Genealogical Soeietv. From vol. 
1, 1847, to vol. 10, 1856. iO vols. Svo. 
Cloth, 26 portraits, 3 plates and wood- 
cuts. 815 00. Boston, 1847-56. 

NEW YORK MIRROR, THE, and Ladies' 
Literary Gazette ; being a Repository of 
Miscellaneous Literary Productions in 
Prose and Verso. Edited by Samuel 
Woodworth, N. P. Willis and George P. 
Morris. A complete set. In parts, with 
numerous engravings. 20 vols. 4to. 
8100 00. New York, 1823-42. 

Thispcriodicalcnmmenced being published August 2, 1S23' 
and terminated vjiili the twentieth, volume, December 2-i, 
18i2. During its career almost every toriter in America, 
ivhethcr celebrated or obscure, was a contributor to the col- 
umns of the Mirror, and on this account it still posses.->cs 
umisuid interest. 

Tl;c following are the names of some of the contributm-s: 
N. F. Willis, Gulian C. Verphinck, Fanny Kcmble. Wil- 
liam Leggett, Willis Gauloril Cl.irl.-, Prosv r M. Wtniurr, 
James K. Pauldiv'i. ,':„mii,l ',l,„-,l,r.„-li^. Wlli.r,., II li.,,- 
rison, John G W/iilhir. M.iinn ,r Ci,-, u. -lu/.n Jln.r.,rd 
Fayne, John W. Francis. Gnnrilli MabJi, SainiuL L 
Knapp, F. W. Thomas, Wasltiii/jton In-hiri, Fpcs Sai-genl, 
Mrs. Noi-ton, Miss Landon, IniJ'ns Jinwcs, James Sher- 
idan Knowles. G F. R. James, jolin J /.man, Charles Fen- 
no Hoffman, Jean Faid, Robert C. Sands, Theodm-eS. lay, 
William Fox, L. H. Sigourney, James A^ack, John A'eal, 
James Lawson, Solomon Bn.wn, Grant Thorburn, Rich- 
ard Adams Loci' e, George D. Frenlice, Tyrone Fower, Mrs. 
Wdby, Lydia Jane Fearson, James Fenimore Cooper, J. 
Augustus Shea, Harriet Beecher Stowe, George F. Morris. 
Thomas Dunn English, Cornelius Matthews, Robert M. 
Baird, dc. dc. 

PAMPHLETS. An extraordinary collection 
of pamphlets, chief!}' American, consist- 
ing of Speeches, Orations, Addresses, 
Lectures, Biography, Local History, Ser- 
mons, Political Discussions, Banking, 
Poetry, and on a great variety of other 
subjects. Bound up in 330 vols. Svo. 
8990 00. V. D. 

A manuscnpt catalogue, giving the full title, number of 
pages, cohere publislied, and date, will accompany the col- 
lection. This formidable body of pamplilets cost the col- 
lector fifteen years' labor in bringing them together. 

EULOGIES. Pronounced in honor of those 
Illustrious Patriots and Statesmen, John 
Adams and Thomas Jefferson. 8vo. 
Half calf. 82 50. Hartford, 182G. 

DANVERS CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 
Account of, June 16, 1852, together with 
the proceedings of the town in relation 
to the Donation of George Peabody, Esq., 
of London. 8vo. pp. 208. 9 portraits 
and 4 cuts. 82 00. Dan vers, 1852. 

WASHINGTON, GEORGE. The Writings 
of. Being his Correspondence, Address- 
es, Messages and other Papers, official 
and private ; selected and published from 
the original manuscripts. With a Life 
of the Author. Notes and illustrations. 
By Jared Sparks. 12 vols. 8vo. Cloth. 
§15 00. Boston, 1855. 

Far across the ocean, if we may credit the Syljilline 
books, and after many ages, an extensive and rich, conti- 
nent will be discovered, aial in il n-ill arise a hero, wim and 
brave, ivho, by his counsd hi:,! urms. will deliver his coun- 
try from ilie slavery by whir,', .s/,t was oppressed. This 
stiall he do n.nder favm-able au.spices. And oh, how mink 
more adorable -will he be, than our Brutus and Camlllus. 
This prediction was known to Accius tlie poet, wlio, in his 
Nyctegrtsi.'i, embellished it with the ornaments cf poetry.— 
.Cicero, Eratc. XV, Mail. Ed. 1'. 52. 



24 



GOWANS' CATALOGUE. 



PORTER, CAPT. DAVID. Journal of a 
cruise made to the Pacific Ocean, in the 
United States frigate Essex, in the years 
1812, 1813 and 1814. 2d edition, with 
additions. 2 vols. 8vo. Half mor. 
Port, maps and plates, $4 00. 

New York, 1822. 

WASHINGTON AND JOHN ADAMS,^ Me- 
moirs of the Administration of. Edited 
from the papers of Oliver Wolcott, Se- 
cretary of the Treasury. By George 
Gibbs. (Portrait of Wolcott.) 2 vols. 
8vo. Cluth. pp. 590 and 562. §4 50. 
New York, 1846. 

WASHINGTON, GEORGE. Life of. By John 
Marshall. 5 vols. 8vo. and Atlas. 
$7 00. Philadelphia, 1804. 

WASHINGTON, GEORGE. Monuments of 
Washington's Patriotism; containing a 
Fac-Simile of Ids Public Accounts, kept 
during the Revolutionary War ; and some 
of the most interesting documents con- 
nected with his Military Command and 
Civil Administration. With embellish- 
ments. Polio. $.3. Washington, 1844. 

WASHINGTON, GEORGE, in Domestic Life. 
Erom Original Letters and Manuscripts. 
By Richard Rush. 8vo. Cloth, pp. 
85. $1 00. Philadelphia, 1857. 

WASHINGTONIANA, THE. Containing a 
Sketch of the Life and Death of the late 
Gen. George Washington; with a collec- 
tion of Eulogies, Orations, Poems, &c. 
Sacred to his Memory, including his last 
will and testament. 8v6. pp. 411. 
06 00. Lancaster, Pa., 1802. 

WASHINGTON, GEORGE. Fac-Simile of 
Accounts with the U. S., from June, 
1775 to June, 1783. Comprehending a 
space of eight years. Folio, ^'d 00. 

Washington, 1833. 

WASHINGTON, GEORGE. Letters to Sir 
John Sinclair, Bart., M. P., on Agricul 
tural, and other interesting topics. En 
graved from the original letters, so as to 
be an exact fac-simile of the hand-writ- 
ing of that celebrated character. 4to 
Half mor. S3 00. London, 1800 

NEW YORK. The Natural History of the 
State of New York, with an astonishing 
profusion of Plates — some colored ; and 
a lengthy Introduction by the Hon. 
William H. Seward. 19 vols. 4to. 
Map. §110 00. Albany, 1842-55. 

NILES, H. Weekly Register. Vols. 33, 34, 
35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 46, 
47. In 7 vols. $20 00. 

Baltimore, 1811. 



NATIONAL PORTRAIT GALLERY (The) of 
Distinguished Americans, conducted by 
James Herring and James B. Longacre. 
With 48 fine steel portraits. 4 vols. 
Royal 8vo. Half calf. $28 00. 

New York, 1834, &c, 

INDIAN TRIBES OF NORTH AMERICA 
and their History, with Biographical 
Sketches and Anecdotes of the principal 
Chiefs. By McKenny and Hall. With 
120 large and beautifully colored portraits 
of the Chiefs, from the Indian Gallery in 
the Department of War at Washington. 
Complete in 3 vols. Imperial folio. 
Handsomely half bound, morocco, gilt 
back and gilt edges. New. Pub. at 
§120 00 in parts. §100 00. 

Philadelphia, 1838. 

Soine ynars ago Col. McKenney obtained from Govern- 
ment per mission in take copies of the Indian portraits de- 
posited in the War Department, with a view to publication 
in tithooraph. The design ivas accomptished on a large 
scale and the folio edition is valued, both in Europe and 
Ama-ica, as one nf the most interesting and magnificent 
properties of a rich, man's library. The biographic^ writ- 
ten by Cnl. McKenney and James Hail, Esq,, nf Umcin- 
nati, arc sufflcientty copinus and drawn fromtlie most 
autlientic sources. One nf tliose in thejirst number is tliat 
nf Sequoyah, or George Guess, the inventor nf the Cherokee 
alphabet : a remmrkable man, having in his character and 
appearance much more nf the Oriental than qf the Ameri- 
can red man. Another portrait of great interest is tliat nf 
an Osage woman ; a face remarlcable for beauty and in- 
telligent expression. 

BURK, JOHN. The History of Virginia, 
from its first settlement to the com- 
mencement of the Revolution. 3 vols. 
8vo. Half calf, neat. 15 00. 

Petersburgh, Va., 1822. 
NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. From the 
commencement, less the following : Nos. 
14, 15, 16 old series ; and 119, 120, 121, 
159, 161, 164, 166, 167, 184, 186 and up- 
wards. 48 vols, bound and in boards, 
the remainder in parts. $110 00. 
THORNTON, WILLIAM. Cadmus; or a 
Treatise on the Elements of Written 
Language. Illustrated by a Philosophi- 
cal Division of Speech. 8vo. pp. 110. 
$5 00. Very rare. Philad., 1793. 



niu :ii all 
I'l. -..iinh 
'.II MIfS. 
//„■ , „,! oj 



Niles' Weekly Register commenced being im 
temberl, 1811, and ended June 27, lb4'J ; iin 
70 volumes. Ihefirsl 6U volumes were rUile./ i 
JViles; wis. 51 (o 57 were e</ile,l /-v U;/;.- m ' 
Jeremiah liougli boiighl mil. nini ir.>,- , ,i.,r . 
wrf. 73. T/ieimblicatiiiii ii'"x lliiiii... r ' "'■' . 
and recommenced, oml eiiuni ir:i:i //.'.. .<..., ,-,..;< <;/ uco/yc 
Beatlie in ISiO. Tiiis i,,j..n,irlii,ii J havejrom the cUt- 
brated biblinpolist qf pen,.iiie,,l iikrainre b. 0. Deeth late 
if Georgetown, D. C, who irus the highest authority on 
subjects q/' this kind. 



A genuine Yankee notion fm- rendering the American 
language, as the author says, "as distinct as the govern- 
ment, free fr07ii all the follies of unphilosophicat fashion. 
The preface is printed both in the authors American and 
in plain English. 

HALLECK, FITZ GREENE AND JOSEPH 
RODMAN DRAKE. The Croakers, a col- 
lection of Satirical Poems. (Printed by 
the Bradford Club.) Royal Svo. pp. 
199. $10 00. 2 portraits. N. Y. 1860. 

JEFFERSON, THOMAS. The Works of. 9 
vols. Svo. Cloth. $15 00. 

New York, 1860. 

WOODBURY, LEVI. The Works of. 3 vols. 
8vo. Cloth. 83 W. Boston, loo2. 

FRANKLIN, BENJAMIN. Letters to and 

from his Family, from 1751-1790. 2 

portraits. Royal Svo. Half mor. ^o^i. 

New York, 1859. 

NEW YORK CANAL CELEBRATION, as it 
took place in the city of New York, Nov. 
4th, 1825, with maps, portraits and plat_es. 
4to.' Half bound. $8. New York, 1852. 



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